Iyaba akiri ku isi, Martin Luther King aba yujuje imyaka 85 y'amavuko-AMATEKA YE

Yubakiwe ishusho yo kumwibuka yiswe “Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial.” King yize mu mashuri ya “Morehouse College”, “Crozer Theological Seminary” na kaminuza ya Boston. Yayoboye umuryango wa SCLC, agera kuri byinshi agendeye ku bikorwa, inyigisho n’ibitecyerezo bya Yesu/Yezu, Abraham Lincoln, Mahatma Gandhi, Benjamin Mays, Hosea Williams, Bayard Rustin, Henry David Thoreau, Howard Thurman na Leo Tolstoy.

King yabaga mu idini ry’Abatisita. King yashakanye na Coretta Scott King,  babyarana Yolanda Denise-King (yitabye Imana), Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King Bernice, Albertine King. Martin Luther King, Jr ni mwene Martin Luther King, Sr na Alberta Williams King. Yahawe “Nobel Peace Prize” mu 1964, umudari wa Perezida mu 1977 na, “Congressional Gold Medal” mu 2004. Ibi bihembo bya nyuma akaba yarabihawe yaramaze kwitaba Imana.

Uyu mugabo yari Umunyamerika, akaba yarayoboraga umuryango waharaniraga uburenganzira bw’Abirabura bavuye muri Afurika bakajyanwa muri Amerika, akaba azwiho mu mateka guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika n’ahandi ku isi akoresheje uburyo bwo kurwanya akarengane akurikije inyigisho za Mahatma Gandhi uzwi cyane mu mateka y’Ubuhinde.

King yabaye intwari mu guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu akiri muto. Mu mwaka wa 1955 yayoboye igikorwa “Montgomery Bus Boycott” (cyari kigamije kurwanya ivangura ryakorerwaga abirabura mu modoka zitwara abagenzi muri Montgomery kuko umwirabura byari itegeko ko ahagurukira umuzungu), anafasha mu gushinga SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) mu 1957, ndetse aza no kuyiyobora kuko yabaye Perezida wayo wa mbere.

Mu kwezi kwa werurwe 1963, ubwo yari i Washington, King yavuze ijambo (speech) ritazibagirana mu mateka y’isi, rikaba ryari rifite umutwe “I have a dream” cyangwa se mu Kinyarwanda “Mfite inzozi.”

Mu ijambo rye icyo gihe, Martin Luther King yagarutse ku gaciro k’Umunyamerika utarangwa n’ivangura rishingiye ku ruhu. Mu 1964, King yabaye umuntu wa mbere ku isi wahawe igihembo cya “Nobel Peace Prize” kubera akazi yakoze kadasanzwe ko kurwanya ivangura rishingiye ku ruhu ndetse n’ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko akoresheje uburyo bwo kurwanya ivangura nta hohotera. Mu gihe cyo ku rupfu rwe mu 1968, King yari yaratangiye gushyira imbaraga mu kurwanya ubukene no guhagarika intambara ya Vietnam. King yishwe ku wa 4 mata 1968 ahitwa Memphis muri Tennessee muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.

Ubuzima bwa Martin Luther King, Jr kuva mu bwana

Martin Luther King, Jr. yavutse kuwa 15 mutarama 1929 i Atlanta ho mu Ntara ya Georgia muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (USA), akaba ari mwene Rev. Martin Luther King, Sr na Alberta Williams King. King Jr yagiraga mushiki we mukuru Willie Christine King na murumuna we muto Alfred Daniel Williams King. King wavukaga hagati mu bavandimwe be, mu 1939 i Atlanta ubwo yari muri korari (choir) y’urusengero rwe, yaririmbye bwa mbere “Gone with the Wind”. King akaba yarafatwaga n’abakiristu nk’intangarugero.

King yakuriye i Atlanta, yiga amashuri mu kigo cya “Booker T. Washington High School”. Nk’umunyeshuri w’umuhanga, King ngo yabonye amanota yo mu rwego (grade) rwa cyenda n’urwa cumi na kabiri, bityo bimuhesha kujya muri Morehouse College ubwo yari afite imyaka cumi n’itanu y’amavuko bidasabye ko arangiza amashuri yisumbuye yarimo. Mu 1948, King yarangije amashuri ye mu kigo cya Morehouse  afite impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza, “Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology”, nyuma akaba yaraje no kubona impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza mu bijyanye  n’iyobokamana “Bachelor of Divinity” yakuye muri “Crozer Theological Seminary” i Chester mu Ntara ya Pennsylvania hari mu 1951.

Ku itariki ya 18 kamena 1953, King yashakanye Coretta Scott, amushakira mu nzu y’iwabo (iwabo wa Coretta Scott) ariho Heiberger muri Alabama. Baje kubyarana abana bane. King yaje kuba pasitoro w’Ababatista “Dexter Avenue Baptist Church” i Montgomery muri Alabama, icyo gihe yari afite imyaka 25 y’amavuko, hari mu 1954. King ubwo yaje gutangira amasomo yo mu rwego rw’ikirenga (doctoral studies) mu bya “Systematic theology” muri Kaminuza ya Boston. Ku wa 5 kamena 1955, King yabonye imyamyabumenyi y’ikirenga “Doctor of Philosophy”.

King yagendeye ku bitekerezo by’abantu banyuranye

Uwa mbere King yagendeyeho ni uwaharaniye uburenganzira bwa muntu, akaba n’umwarimu, Howard Thurman. Uyu Howard ngo yiganye na se wa King muri “Morehouse College” akaba yari n’inshuti ye. Ibikorwa bya Howard byatumye aba ikirangirire, agenda amahanga, ndetse ngo aza no guhura na Mahatma Gandhi.

Ubwo yari umunyeshuri muri Kaminuza ya Boston, King ngo yasuraga kenshi Howard Thurman. Walter Fluker wize zimwe mu nyandiko za Thurman yagize ati “Sinibaza ko wakumva Martin Luther King, Jr nta Howard Thurman.”

Undi King yagendeyeho mu bitecyerezo bye, ni Mahatma Gandhi na Bayard Rustin. Ubwo yari afashijwe n’itsinda rya “American Friends Service Committee”, hakiyongeraho ibikorwa bya Gandhi wabashije kurwanya akarengane, King yasuye aho Gandhi avuka mu gihugu cy’Ubuhindi hari mu 1959. Urugendo rwa King mu Buhinde rwamwongereye imbaraga runongera umuhate mu myumvire ye yo guharanira kurwanya akarengane aharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu muri USA.

Ubwo yavugiraga kuri radiyo ku mugoroba wa nyuma wo gusoza uruzinduko rwe mu Buhindi, King yagize ati “Kuva nagera mu Buhinde, naremeye kurusha mbere ko uburyo bwa ‘nta karengane’ ari intwaro ikomeye cyane iriho yafasha abantu mu rugamba  rwabo rwo guharanira ubutabera n’uburenganzira bwa muntu.” Akaba ngo yaravuze ko Gandhi mu buzima bwe yagiraga inzira zageza isi aheza.

Bayard Rustin na we King yagenderagaho, na we yize inyigisho za Gandhi. Rustin yagiriye King inama yo kwiyegurira inzira za ‘nta karengane’ akaba yarakoze nk’umujyanama wa King w’ikirenga mu bihe bye, uyu Rustin akaba ari na we muntu wagize uruhare rugaragara mu gutegura ibikorwa bya King muri werurwe 1963 i Washington. Nyuma Rustin yaje kwinjira mu baryamana bahuje ibitsina, agira n’imyitwarire ya politiki itarashimishije benshi, ibi bituma abazungu ndetse na bamwe mu birabura b’Abanyamerika basaba King kumugendera kure.

Kudashyigikira imitwe ya politiki, kurwanya ivangura mu modoka, kwihuza kw’amadini

Martin Luther King, Jr. nk’umuyobozi wa SCLC yagiraga gahunda yo kutajya mu mutwe wa politiki uwo ari wo wose muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, cyangwa se kuba yagira umukandida w’umutwe wa politiki yashyigikira.

Mu magambo ye ajyanye no gushimangira intego ye yo kudashyigikira no kutajya mu mutwe wa politiki,  King yagiraga ati “Numva ko umuntu agomba guhama mu ruhande rudafite aho rubogamiye kugira ngo ashobore kurebana ubushishozi ku mitwe yombi ya politiki, kandi yose akayizera, adakoreye uruta abandi.”

Mu 1957, mu kiganiro (interview) yagize icyo avuga ku mitwe ya politiki na none, avuga ko nta n’umwe (umutwe wa politiki) uba ari intungane. Icyo gihe yagize ati  “Ntabwo ntekereza ko ishyaka ry’abaharanira Repubulika ari ishyaka ryuzuye imbaraga z’Imana cyangwa se iry’abaharanira Demukaratisi. Yose agira imbaraga nke, none nta shyaka na rimwe njye nziritseho.”

King kandi yavugaga ko amashyaka yo muri Leta Zunzu Ubumwe z’Amerika yose yashyigikiye ivangura ry’amoko n’ubusumbane. Akavuga ko abirabura batengushywe n’amashyaka yose, iry’abaharanira Repubulika n’iry’abaharanira Demukarasi. Ibi byatumye uyu mugabo atagira ishyaka na rimwe ashyigikira cyangwa se umukandida n’umwe ku mwanya wa Perezida. Mu ibaruwa yandikiye abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu kwezi k’ukwakira 1956, King yavuze ko nta cyamezo yafashe cyo gushyigikira mu matora Adlai Stevenson  cyangwa se Dwight Eisenhower, ariko ati “Mu gihe cyashize, buri gihe natoraga abaharanira Demukarasi.”

Iyo hasubiwe mu nyandiko ze ku buzima bwe yiyandikiye, ngo King bigaragara ko avuga ko mu 1960 yashyigikiye mu buryo bwe bwite umukandida w’abaharanira Demukarasi John F. Kennedy. Ati “Numvaga Kennedy yazavamo Perezida mwiza cyane uruta abandi. Mu by’ukuri, na nyuma nta makosa nishyizeho, data we yarabikoze.” King akavuga ko yatekerezaga ko uyu muperezida Kennedy we atari kwishyiraho amakosa abandi bakoze muri gahunda ze za 1964.

Nk’umuntu waharaniye kurwanya no guca burundu ivangura n’akarengane byakorerwaga abirabura muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, mu ijambo rye “I have a dream”, hari aho agira ati “Ibyo mvuga byose biroroshye, ni uko ubuzima bwose bwuzuzanya [...] Icyo ari cyo cyose kigira ingaruka ku muntu umwe mu buryo bw’uwo mwanya, biratinda zikagera no ku bantu bose. Ku bw’impamvu zimwe zitazwi, ntabwo naba icyo ngomba kuba utabaye icyo ugomba kuba. Ntabwo waba icyo ugomba kuba ntabaye icyo ngomba kuba. Uko ni ukuri, niko abantu buzazanya.”

Mu mirimo ye ya buri gihe, King yavugaga kandi akandika iby’ingenzi, agakora nk’umuntu ukora akazi ko kwigisha ijambo ry’Imana. Ijambo rye “I have adream” ryamaze iminota cumi n’irindwi, yasabaga ko habaho irangira ry’ubusumbane bushingiye ku ruhu ndetse n’ivangura. Ibi byatumye ku wa 14 ukwakira 1964 ahabwa igikombe cy’amahoro (Nobel Peace Prize), icyo gihe akaba yarabaye umuntu muto wa mbere ku isi wari ugihawe, akaba yaragihawe kubera guharanira kurwanya akarengane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.

Muri bisi umwirabura yagombaga kwimukira umuzungu

Kubera ivangura ryari rikabije, mu modoka zitwara abagenzi umwirabura ntiyicaraga kuko yagombaga kwimukira umuzungu. Nyamara kubera kubiharanira kwa King, ibi byagiye bihinduka. Muri werurwe 1955, umwana w’umunyeshuri w’umwiraburakazi w’imyaka cumi n’itanu witwaga Claudette Colvin yanze guhaguruka mu mwanya we ngo umuzungu yicare hagendewe ku mategeko “Jim Crow laws.” King akaba yari muri komite yarwanyaga ibi bintu, agerageza no kurengera uyu mwana w’umukobwa, dore ko ngo yari atwite kandi atarashaka nta mugabo agira, maze abitwa E.D Nixon na Clifford Durr nabo biyemeza kumurengera mu nkiko.

Nyuma yaho na none, ku itariki ya mbere ukuboza 1955, uwitwaga Rosa Parks na we yatawe muri yombi azira ko yanze guhagurukira umuzungu mu modoka itwara abagenzi yari arimo. Ibi byababazaga abirabura, bituma Nixon ashyiraho icyitwaga “Montgomery Bus Boycott” cyari kigamije kurwanya ivangura mu modoka zitwara abagenzi i Montgomery, kikayoborwa na King.  Iyi gahunda yo kurwanya aka karengane kakorerwaga abirabura mu modoka zitwara abagenzi yamaze iminsi 385, ibintu birushaho gukomera kuko byatumye inzu ya King itegwa igisasu. Ubwo King na we yatawe muri yombi kubera izi mpamvu zo kurwanya iri vangura, ariko ntiyari yaruhiye ubusa kuko ryaje gukurwaho n’urukiko “United States District Court” rwategetse ko imodoka zose zitwara abagenzi muri Montgomery hatazongera kubaho ivangura nk’iryo.

Abirabura mu madini bishyize hamwe barwanya akarengane

Mu 1957, Martin Luther King, Jr, Ralph Abernathy n’abandi baharaniraga uburenganzira bwabo bishyize hamwe bashinga SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference). Iri ni itsinda ryashinzwe hagamijwe guhuza imbaraga z’Abirabura mu madini yabo kugira ngo barwanye ihohoterwa n’akarengane mu mirimo, bityo hakorwe ivugurura mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwabo. King akaba yarayoboye SCLC kugeza ku rupfu rwe.

N’ubwo bishyize hamwe nk’abirabura, ku itariki ya 20 nzeri 1958, ubwo yasinyaga ku mpapuro z’igitabo cye “Stride Toward Freedom” muri Harlem, King yatewe icyuma gifungura amabahasha mu gatuza, agiterwa n’umugore w’umwiraburakazi ariko nticyamuhitana. Uyu mugore ngo yasaga n’fite ikibazo.

Uburyo bwose Gandhi yakoreshaga mu kurwanya akarengane, ngo bwafashije King cyane muri kampanye ze zo guharanira uburengenzira bwa muntu. Ibi ngo yabikoresheje cyane mu myigaragambyo yabaga yateguwe na SCLC. Mu 1959, King yanditse igitabo “The Measure of A Man”(Igipimo cy’umuntu) aho yagiraga ati “What is Man” (umuntu ni iki) akagaruka ku mibereho ya muntu muri politiki, imibereho ye n’abandi, no mu bukungu muri sosiyete. Icyo gihe Dora McDonald ni we wari umunyamabanga we wihariye.

Ubwo yayoboraga SCLC, FBI icyo gihe yari iyobowe na Robert F. Kennedy yatangiye mu 1963 kujya ikurikirana telefoni za King. Ubwo yashinjwaga ibitecyerezo bya gikomunisite muri SCLC igihe ayikwirakije hose, ko ngo byagandisha rubanda. Ibi byatumye Kennedy abwira King guhagarika ibikorwa by’iri shyirahamwe kuko ngo hari ibyo ryakekwagwaho, nyuma aza no kwandikirwa na FBI ko we n’abo bakoranaga muri SCLC bazajya bakurikiranwa ibyo bavuga.

King we ngo muri we yibwiraga ko imyigaragambyo ikozwe mu ituze yo kwamagana ivangura ryakorerwaga abirabura binyuze mu kitwaga “Jim Crow laws” bizatuma ibitangazamakuru bikomeza kubitangaza, maze bikagira ingaruka z’uko abirabura bahabwa uburenganzira bungana nk’ubw’abandi ndetse n’ubwo gutora. Kandi koko niko byagenze kuko itangazamakuru buri gihe ryabigarukagaho, maze bituma rubanda nyamwinshi muri Amerika bahaguruka bavuga ko gushyigikira uburinganire muri politiki ari ngombwa. Ubwo hari muri za 1960.

Martin Luther King, Jr. King yakomeje gutegura ingendo z’abirabura zisaba uburenganzira bwo gutora, kuvanaho ivangura, kugira uburenganzira bureshya mu murimo, n’ubundi burenganzira bw’ibanze. Ubu burenganzira yaharaniye ubwinshi bwagendaga bushyirwaho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika mu mategeko y’uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu yo mu 1964 na 1965 ubwo hashyirwagaho itegeko ry’uburenganzira bwo gutora. King na SCLC bashyize mu bikorwa byinshi hagendewe ku bukristu, maze bagahitamo uburyo bwo kwigaragambya mu mahoro, bagahitamo n’aho kwigaragambiriza. Gusa rimwe na rimwe babangamirwaga n’ubuyobozi bwabaga bushyigikiye ivangura, bigatuma havamo ihohoterwa.

Nyamara ariko, muri Amerika hagiye havuka indi mitwe y’abirabura yabaga igamije guharanira uburenganzira bwabo yiyongera kuri SCLC. Aha umuntu yavuga nka “Albany Movement” washingiwe Albany muri Georgia mu gushyingo 1961. Gusa bigeze mu kuboza uwo mwaka, King na SCLC bahise bifatanya n’uwo mutwe. Uyu mutwe wakoze ubukangurambaga bw’abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bavuye impande zose, basabwa kurwanya uwo ari we wese mu mujyi ushyigikiye ivangura kugira ngo bimenyekane mu gihugu hose hagire igikorwa. Ubwo King yabasuraga kuwa 15 ukuboza 1961, afite gahunda yo kuhamara umunsi cyangwa se urenga ngo abagire inama, umunsi wakurikiyeho yafatiwe mu kivunge cy’abigaragambyaga mu mahoro, aho ngo yahohotewe cyane n’ubuyobozi bw’umujyi. Icyo gihe yahawe igifungo cy’iminsi 45 no gutanga ihazabu y’amadolari 178.

Uyu mukobwa muto uri kumwe na Obama, yitwa Yolanda Renee King akaba ari umwuzukuru wa King

SCLC yaje gushyiraho kampanye(campain) yiswe “Birmingham campain” mu rwego rwo kurushaho guteza imbere uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu ku birabura bo muri Amerika. Gahunda zayo nyinshi zashyizweho na Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa SCLC kuva mu 1960 kugeza mu 1964. Gahunda z’iyi kampanye zari kurangiza burundu ivangura mu nzego zose nk’uko ryakorerwaga abirabura mu mujyi, ikaba yarakoreraga i Birmigham muri Alabama. Iyi kampanye ikaba yaramaze igihe cy’amezi atatu. Imyigaragambyo ikozwe mu mahoro muri Birmingham ku ikubitiro yasabaga ihabwa ry’imirimo ku buryo bungana ku moko yose, no kurangiza ivangura ry’akorerwaga abirabura aho babaga bakorera mu bubiko bw’ibicuruzwa. Ibi bikaba byarasabwaga abikoreba. Ubwo aba bikorera bashoboraga guhangana n’iyi myigaragambyo, King na SCLC batangiye icyo bise “Project C” aho noneho batangiye gukora ingendo bagerageza gushakisha uko batabwa muri yombi kugira ngo bizamure kwamaganwa guhagije.

Hano ni mu 1963 ubwo Luther yavugaga ijmbo rye rikomeye mu mateka, I have a dream

Gusa iyi kampanye yatangiye kugenda gahoro ku bakuze ndetse n’abandi bakorerabushake, maze uwitwa James Bevel atangira igikorwa cyo gukora ubukangarambaga ku bana no kubinjiza muri iyi kampanye, iki gikorwa kikaba cyariswe “Children Crusade.”  Ubwo aba bigaragambyaga harimo n’abana, polisi ya Birmingham iyobowe na Eugene “Bull” Connor ngo yakorehseje imbaraga z’umurengera, hagakoreshwa ibimodoka bibatera amazi ndetse n’imbwa za polisi. Gusa aba bigaragambyaga nabo bose ngo ntibari abanyamahoro kuko hari abanyuzagamo bakiyemeza guhangana na polisi. Icyo gihe nibwo King na SCLC bashinjwe gushora abana mu bikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi.

Hano niho yavugiye iri jambo rye

Mu mwaka ushize abaturage ba Amerika bari baje kumwibukira aha hantu yavugiye iri jambo

 Iyi kampanye ikaba yaraje kurangira itanze umusaruro kuko wa mukuru wa polisi Connor yirukanywe ku mirimo ye, itegeko ryabuzaga uburenganzira abirabura rikurwaho muri Birmungham, ubwo abirabura barakomorererwa, bemererwa kugenda aho ari ho hose mu mujyi no gukora.

King na SCLC bahise biyemeza no gutera ingabo mu bitugu abigaragambyaga i St. Augustine muri Florida mu 1964. Iyi myigaragambyo yakorwaga hakorwa ingendo za nijoro, aho ababaga bayirimo bahuraga n’abazungu bashyigikiye ivangura bakajya babatuka mu buryo bukabije. Gusa ngo amajana n’amajana ya bamwe mu bakoraga izi ngendo batawe muri yombi, bashyirwa muri za gereza. Mu kuboza 1964, King na SCLC bagiye gutera ingabo mu bitugu abanyeshuri b’ahitwa Selma muri Alabama, aba bakaba bari bibumbiye mu cyo bise SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee).

Urugendo i Washington rusaba imirimo n’uburenganzira

King wari uhagarariye SCLC yari mu bayobozi b’ikiswe “Big Six” bakaba ari abagize uruhare mu gutegura ingendo zasabaga imirimo n’uburenganzira by’abirabura i Washington aho byabaye ku wa 28 kanama 1963. Abandi mu bari bagize “Big Six” ni nka Roy Wilkins wo mu kitwaga “National Association for the Advancement of Colored People”, Whitney Young wo muri “National Urban League”, wabarizwaga muri, John Lewis wo muri SNCC na James L. Farmer, Jr wo muri “Congress of Racial Equality.” Aya yose akaba yari amashyirahamwe yashyizweho hagamijwe kurwanya ivangura n’akarengane byakorerwaga abirabura.

Uwari ku isonga ryo gutegura ibikoresho ndetse n’uburyo urwo rugendo rwagombaga gukorwamo, ni uwari inshuti ya King ari we Bayard Rustin. Gusa ku bwa King imirimo y’uyu mugenzi we ntiyamushimishije kuko ari mu bemeye icyifuzo cya Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika icyo gihe John F. Kennedy wasabaga ko gahunda y’urwo rugendo yahinduka. Kennedy akaba atari ashyigikiye iyo gahunda kuko ngo yashoboraga kwangiza gahunda y’itorwa rijyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, ariko abayiteguye bo bemeza ko nta kabuza urugendo rwabo rukomeza. Icyo gihe King akaba yarabaye icyamamare kubera ijambo rye “I have a dream” (Mfite inzozi), akaba yararivuze icyo gihe i Washington mu murwa mukuru wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Iri jambo rikaba ryarahindutse ikigwa mu mashuri menshi hirya no hino ku isi.

Uyu mugabo yakoze amateka akomeye ku isi

Icyo gihe i Washington, abari muri uru rugendo berekanaga uburyo abirabura bafashwemo mu majyepfo ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika mu bikorwa byose bitanga amahirwe yo kubaho ku banyagihugu, babigaragariza ku buyobozi bukuru bw’iki gihugu, mu murwa mukuru Washington. Aba bakaba barashakaga kwereka ubuyobozi bw’iki gihugu ko ngo bwananiwe gukemura ibibazo by’abirabura muri rusange mu majyepfo yacyo. Uru rugendo kandi rwasabye kurangira kw’ivangura mu mashuri ya Leta, gushyiraho itegeko rirengera uburenganzira bwa muntu nta busumbane, gukuraho amategeko agenga ivangura mu mirimo, kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu mu kazi n’ibindi.

Hano niho King n'umugore we Coretta Scott King bashyinguwe muri Atlanta

N’ubwo iki gikorwa kitari gishyigikiwe, ngo ntibyabujije ko kitabirwa n’abantu bagera mu bihumbi 250 bakomoka mu moko yose, bakaba bari bateraniye i Washington. Iki kivunge cy’abantu ngo muri icyo gihe ngo bwari ubwa mbere haboneka abigaragagambya mu mateka ya Washington bagera ku mubare nk’uwo.

Ijambo rya King “I have a dream” yagejeje ku bari bateraniye aho ngo rifatwa nk’amwe mu magambo akomeye yavuzwe n’abaperezida b’iki gihugu nk’iryigeze kuvugwa na Abraham Lincoln (Gettysburg Address) n’irya Franklin D. Roosevelt (Infamy Speech) akaba ngo ari amagambo atazibagirana mu mateka ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika kubera ko yuzuye ubuhanga.  Uru rugendo i Washington n’ijambo rya King byatumye hahita hashyirwa byihutirwa ku mwanya wa mbere muri politiki ko ibijyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu bigomba kuvugururwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, bikaba byarabaye mu 1964.

Munyengabe Murungi Sabin