Urwego rw'imari ruzakomeza gusugira - BNR yagaragaje ishusho y'ubukungu inavuga ku ngorane nshya ziri guterwa n'intambara y'u Burusiya na Ukraine

Mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa Gatanu ni bwo Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda yasohoye itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru rikubiyemo ishusho y'urwego rw'imari mu Rwanda yagaragajwe n'Inama Ngarukagihembwe ya Komite Ishinzwe Ukudahungabana k'Urwego rw'Imari mu Rwanda yateranye kuwa 11 Gicurasi 2022 igamije gusuzuma imikorere y'urwego rw'imari, ubudahungabana bwarwo, ingorane nshya zarwibasira, n'ibyuho byazo, ndetse no gufata ingamba zikwiye mu kugabanya izo ngorane zagaragaye. Komite yabonye ko izahuka ry'ibikorwa by'ubukungu ryakomeje mu gufasha mu izamuka n'ubudahungabana bw'urwego rw'imari.

BNR ivuga ko "Ingorane ku rwego rw'imari zaragabanutse ariko ibyuho byazo biracyagaragara mu nzego zitarazahura ubukungu bwazo bwazahajwe n'icyorezo cya Koronavirusi (harimo urwego rw'ubwubatsi bw'inyubako zigenewe ubucuruzi ndetse n'amahoteli) hamwe n'ingorane nshya ziri guterwa n'intambara hagati y'u Burusiya na Ukraine zishobora gutuma imikorere y'urwego rw'imari isubira inyuma. Ariko nanone, biteganyijwe ko urwego rw'imari ruzakomeza gusugira bitewe n'ubwizigame ku mari shingiro n'umutungo mvunjwafaranga bihagije byafasha mu kuziba icyuho cyaterwa n'ingorane zitunguranye".

Izahuka ry'ubukungu ryatumye umutungo w'Urwego rw'Imari ukomeza kuzamuka

Inama Ngarukagihembwe ya Komite ishinzwe kubungabunga 'Ubudahungabana' bw'urwego rw'imari (FSC), hari ibintu by'ingenzi yabonye ari nabyo tugiye kugarukaho muri iyi nkuru nk'uko bikubiye mu itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru. Igiteranyo cy'umutungo wose w'urwego rw'imari wazamutse ku kigero cya 16.3% ugera kuri Miliyari 7,763 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda muri Werurwe 2022 ugereranyije na Miliyari 6,674 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda wariho muri Werurwe 2021. Ku rwego rw'amabanki, umutungo wose wiyongereye ku kigero cya 17 ku ijana ugera kuri Miliyari 5,277 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda muri Werurwe 2022 uvuye kuri Miliyari 4,502 wariho muri Werurwe 2021.

Iri zamuka ry'umutungo bwite mu rwego rw'amabanki ryatewe ahanini n'ukwiyongera kw'amafaranga asanzwe abitswa n'abakiriya ndetse n'imari shingiro. Mu bigo by'imari iciriritse bigenzurwa na Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda, umutungo wose wazamutse ku kigero cya 21.9% ugera kuri Miliyari 449 Frw uvuye kuri Miliyari 368 wariho muri Werurwe 2021 ahanini bitewe n'ukwiyongera kw'amafaranga asanzwe abitswa n'abakiriya ndetse n'imari shingiro.

Mu rwego rw'ibigo bw'ubwishingizi, umutungo bwite wazamutse ku kigero cya 18% ugera kuri Miliyari 724 Frw muri Werurwe 2022 uvuye kuri Miliyari 613 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda wariho muri Werurwe 2021 bitewe ahanini n'izamuka ry'imisanzu y'ubwishingizi hamwe n'imari shingiro. Muri rusange ukwiyongera k'umutungo bwite w'Urwego rw'Imari mu Rwanda bigaragaza uruhare rukomeye uru rwego rukomeza kugira ku izamuka n'iterambere ry'ubukungu bigaragazwa n'ijanisha rw'umutungo wose w'urwego rw'imari rihagaze kuri 69 ku ijana by'umusaruro mbumbe w'igihugu ugereranyije na 40% rwariho mu myaka 10 ishize.

Urwego rw'Imari rwakomeje kugira ubwihaze ku mari shingiro n'umutungo mvunjwafaranga bihagije

Urwego rw'imari rwakomeje kugira imari ihagije ifasha mu guhangana n'ibihombo no gufasha mu bikorwa byo gutanga inguzanyo. Kugez mu mpera za Werurwe 2022, impuzandengo y'igipimo cy'ubwihaze bw'imari shingiro (CAR) mu rwego rw'amabanki cyari gihagaze kuri 23.9% naho mu rwego rw'ibigo by'imari iciriritse cyari kuri 34.7% ugereranyije n'igipimo ntagibwamunsi gisabwa n'igenzura 15%. Impuzandengo y'igipimo cy'ubushobozi bwo kwishyura mu rwego rw'ubwishingizi ruyoborwa n'abikorera cyari ku 157 ku ijana, ugereranyije n'igipimo ntagibwamunsi gisabwa n'igenzura cya 100%.

Na none, urwego rw'imari rwakomeje kugira umutungo mvunjwafaranga uhagije aho mu rwego rw'amabanki, igipimo cyawo kigereranya umutungo wavunjwa amafaranga mu gihe aho mu rwego rw'amabanki, igipimo cyawo kigereranya umutungo wavunjwa amafaranga mu gihe cy'iminsi itarenze mirongp itatu (30), n'umutungo wasubizwa abakiriya muri iyo minsi (LCR) cyari kuri 364.2% mu mpera za Werurwe 2022, hejuru y'igipimo ntagibwamunsi gisabwa n'igenzura cy'100%.

Naho mu rwego rw'ibigo by'imari iciriritse, icyo gipimo kikaba cyari ku mpuzandengo ya 110.7 ku ijana mu mpera za Werurwe 2022 ugereranyije n'igipimo ntagibwamunsi gisabwa n'igenzura cya 30%. Mu bigo bw'ubwishingizi biyoborwa n'abikorera kandi, igipimo kigereranya umutungo wavunjwa amafaranga cyari kuri 94 ku ijana muri Werurwe 2022 ugereranyije na 80% cyariho muri Werurwe 2021, munsi y'igipimo ntagibwa munsi cya 100% kigenwa na Banki nkuru y'u Rwanda (BNR).

Mu gihe ingorane zatewe n'icyorezo ziri kugabanuka, impinduka ku rwego rw'Isi ndetse n'ibibazo bitera imbere mu gihugu zazanye izindi ngorane

Gufungura ibikorwa by'ubukungu bikomeje kugira ingaruka nziza ku boshobozi bwo kwishyura inguzanyo. Ibi kandi byatumye inguzanyo zari zaravugururiwe amasezerano kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19 zitangira kwishyurwa. Mu mpera za Werurwe 2022, inguzanyo zari zisigaye mu cyiciro cy'izahawe igihe cyo kuba zitishyurwa (Moratorimum) zanganaga na Miliyari 68.6 Frw (ni ukuvuga 2.3% by'inguzanyo zose z'amabanki) zivuye kuri Miliyari 312.2 Frw (bingana na11.8% by'inguzanyo zose) muri Werurwe 2021.

Ikindi kandi inguzanyo zitishyurwa neza zaragabanutse zigera kuri Miliyari 168 Frw zivuye kuri Miliyari 200 Frw ahanini bitewe no kuvana mu bitabo (Write off) inguzanyo zari zimaze igihe zitishyurwa byakozwe muri 2021. Bityo, bitewe no kubaganuka kw'inguzanyo zitishyurwa neza ndetse no kwiyongera kw'inguzanyo zose muri rusange, igipimo cy'inguzanyo zitishyurwa neza cyaragabanutse kigera kuri 4.7 % muri Werurwe 2022 kivuye kuri 6.5% cyariho muri Werurwe 2021.

N'ubwo bimeze bityo, ibyago byo kunanirwa kwishyura inguzanyo biracyari hejuru. Inguzanyo ziri mu cyiciro cy'izikurikiranirwa hafi (izifite iminsi y'ubukererwe kuva kuri 30 kugera ku minsi 90) zariyongereye cyane mu byiciro by'ubukungu (Sectors) byahungabanyijwe cyane n'icyorezo bikaba bitarazahuka neza. Muri Werurwe 2022, izi nguzanyo zariyongereye zigera kuri Miliyari 491 (zingana na 14% by'inguzanyo zose) zivuye kuri miliyari 279 Frw muri Werurwe 2021 (zingana na 9.0% by'inguzanyo zose).

Hashingiwe ku buryo amabanki abona ibyago byo kunanirwa kwishyura inguzanyo kandi, iteganyirizagihombo ku nguzanyo (Provisions) ryiyongereyeho Miliyari 16 Frw rigera kuri Miliyari 175 mu mpera za Werurwe 2022 rivye kuri Miliyari 159 mu mpera za Werurwe 2021.

Uburyo bwo kwishyurana hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bukomeje gukora neza, kandi buratekanye

Naho ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kwishyurana hakoreshejwe ikorarabuhanga, uburyo bwo kwishyura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya telefone ngendanwa bwakomeje kuza ku isonga ry'uburyo bwo kwishyurana hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Inshuro zo kwishyurana umuntu ku muntu (Person to Person) zikubye kabiri ugereranyije n'igihembwe cya mbere cya 2021, ndetse zikuba inshuro 5 ugereranyije n'igihembwe cya mbere cya 2022 (Mbere y'icyorezo cya Koronavirus) zigera kuri Miliyari 61.3 Frw muri Werurwe 2022.

Ku rundi ruhande, inshuro zo kwishyurana hagati y'abaguzi n'abacuruzi (Person to Business) zazamutse ku kigero cya 26% ugereranyije n'igihembwe cya mbere cya 2021, habaho ukuzamuka kwikubye Kane ugereranyije n'igihembwe cya mbere cya 2020 zigera kuri Miliyoni 28.3 Frw mu mpera z'igihembwe cya mbere cya 2022. Naho agaciro k'abishyuranye hagati y'abantu ubwabo (Person to Person) kazamutse ku kigero cya 247% ugereranyije n'igihembwe cy mbere cya 2020 (Mbere y'icyorezo cya Koronavirusi) kagera kuri miliyari 604 Frw.

Agaciro k'uburyo bwo kwishyurana hagati y'abaguzi n'abacuruzi (Person to Business) kagabanutse ku kigero cya 53% ugereranyije n'igihembwe cya mbere cya 2021 agera kuri Miliyari 226 Frw bikaba byaratewe ahanini n'ivugurura ry'ibiciro bya serivisi zo kwishyura hakoreshejwe telefone njyendanwa (igiciro cyashyizwe kuri 0.5%, hasi y'igiciro cya 1% cyariho mbere y'icyorezo cya Koronavirusi). Nubwo ariko habayeho ukugabanuka kw'agaciro k'amafaranga yishyuwe, umubare w'abishyurana wo wazamutse ku kigero cya 763% ugereranyije n'impera z'igihembwe cya mbere cya 2020.

Itangazo rya BNR rigenewe abanyamakuru