Hari abazi Rwangombwa gusa! Menya ba Guverineri 10 bayoboye BNR kuva yashingwa mu 1964

Imyaka ikabakaba 61 irashize Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) itangiye ibikorwa byayo, mu rugendo rwatumye iyi banki igira uruhare rufatika mu iterambere ry’u Rwanda.

Iyi banki yafunguwe bwa mbere mu 1964, nyuma y’imyaka ibiri u Rwanda rubonye ubwigenge. Mu bihe by’ubukoloni, ubukungu bw’u Rwanda n’inshingano ubusanzwe zuzuzwa na banki nkuru z’ibihugu, byose byakorwaga n’abakoloni aho bari barashyizeho Urwego ruzwi nka ’Banque d’emission du Rwanda et du Burundi (BERB)’ ihabwa icyicaro i Bujumbura, ikagira n’ishami i Kigali.

Mu nshingano za Banki hari harimo gucunga politiki y’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda n’u Burundi, kugenzura ibijyanye n’ivunjisha n’amadovize aturuka hanze, gutanga no gukurikirana itangwa ry’ibyangombwa by’ibyinjira mu gihugu, kugenzura banki zigenga no gutanga ubujyanama mu by’imari ku bihugu biyigize, gutanga inguzanyo kuri Guverinoma n’ibindi.

Nubwo iyo Banki yatangijwe, inama ziyishyiraho mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko zabaye guhera tariki 9 kugeza tariki 19 Mata 1962, i Addis Abeba muri Ethiopia ku buhuza bwa Komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yari ishinzwe Ruanda-Urundi.

BERB yahawe ububasha bwo gutanga inguzanyo kuri za Guverinoma n’ibigo by’imari mu Rwanda n’u Burundi. Iyo banki ntabwo yari yemerewe kurenza miliyoni 500 z’amafaranga yakoreshwaga muri ibyo bihugu mu gihe u Rwanda n’u Burundi bigiye kwakira hamwe inguzanyo ku mishinga bihuriyeho na miliyoni 250 mu gihe ari guverinoma imwe igiye gusaba inguzanyo.

Raporo yakozwe mu 1962 na International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, ivuga ko ukurikije ibyo ibyo bihugu byari bikeneye, bitahuraga n’amikoro yabyo ku buryo byagannye bwangu BERB ngo ibigoboke.

Ibyo kandi byaterwaga n’ibindi bibazo birimo kugwa kw’Ibiciro by’ibikomoka k’ubuhinzi no ku mabuye y’agaciro ku buryo mu bihugu byombi ikinyuranyo cy’ibyoherezwaga hanze n’ibyavagayo byari bihabanye cyane.

Kubera gutinya kumara amadovize, BERB yategetse ko mu gihe hagiye kubaho gutumiza ibicuruzwa hanze, izajya ibanza gusuzuma niba ibigiye gutumizwa biri mu byangombwa nkenerwa. Ibyahabwaga agaciro cyane ni nk’ibikoresho byo kwifashisha mu buzima bwa buri munsi cyangwa ibiribwa abaturage bakeneye.

Mu gihe hagiye kugurwa ibiri ku rutonde rw’ibyangombwa nkenerwa, ifaranga rya Ruanda-Urundi (FRU) ryanganyaga agaciro n’ifaranga ry’u Bubiligi ariko byaba ari ukugura ibindi bicuruzwa bidakenewe cyane, agaciro ka FRU kakaba hasi ugerernayije n’agaciro k’ifaranga ry’u Bubiligi (1FB=1.66 FRU).

Hari abacuruzi babizamukiyemo, bakajya kurangura ibyitwa ko bikenewe cyane mu gihugu ariko babihageza bagashyiraho ibiciro bihanitse, cyangwa se bagakora amanyanga bajya kugura ibyemewe bakazanamo n’ibitemewe.

Bijyanye n’uko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwari bukiri buto mu myaka ya 1960, inshingano za BNR nazo ntizari nyinshi cyane, uretse ko zakomeje kugenda ziyongera ahagana mu 1970, cyane cyane hazamo ibyo kugenzura urwego rw’imari n’amabanki rwari rutangiye kugaragaza ibimenyetso byo kwaguka.

Mu myaka 1980 iyi banki yakomeje kwaguka mu buryo bw’inshingano ifite, ari nako yaguka mu bikorwaremezo.

Kimwe n’izindi nzego nyinshi mu gihugu, imyaka ya 1990 ntiyari byiza kuri iyi banki ahanini kubera Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yanasize iyi banki isahuwe bikomeye.

Urugendo rwo kongera kwiyubaka no kubaka ubukungu bw’igihugu rwafashe umurongo ahagana mu 2000 ubwo iyi banki yatangiraga gukora amavugurura atandukanye agamije kuyifasha kugira uruhare rufatika mu gutanga umurongo mwiza wo guteza imbere ubukungu bw’u Rwanda.

Bijyanye n’intego za Vision 2020 u Rwanda rwari rwarashyizeho, iyi banki yateje imbere ibikorwaremezo cyane cyane ikoranabuhanga, ndetse inongerera ubushobozi abakozi bayo, nk’uko Guverineri Mukuru wayo, John Rwangombwa, aherutse kubibwira The Long Form Podcast.

Mu 2014 nibwo iyi banki yashyizeho intego yo kongera ubushobozi bwayo ku buryo ikorera ku bipimo mpuzamahanga (international standards) mu rwego rwo kwishyira mu mwanya mwiza wo gukomeza kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda muri rusange.

Kuri ubu iyi banki iri kugenda ibigeraho, bikagaragazwa n’ibihembo mpuzamahanga igenda yegukana, harimo nk’icyo yabonye ku itariki ya 15 Nzeri 2023, ubwo Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) yahabwaga igihembo mpuzamahanaga cyo guhanga udushya mu guteza imbere ikoreshamari ridaheza.

Icyo gihembo BNR yagihawe n’Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga ry’Ikoreshamari ridaheza (Alliance for Financial inclusion-AFI) i Manila muri Philippines.

Tariki ya 25 Gashyantare 2025, ni bwo Perezida wa Repubulika, Paul Kagame, yagize Soraya Hakuziyaremye Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda asimbuye John Rwangombwa, aba umugore wa mbere ugiye kuri uwo mwanya.

Soraya Hakuziyaremye yari amaze imyaka ine ari Guverineri Wungirije wa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu kuva mu 2021, bisobanuye ko yari amaze imyaka ine yungirije John Rwangombwa wagiye kuri uwo mwanya mu 2013.

Mbere yo kwinjira muri BNR, Hakuziyaremye yari Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda, umwanya yashyizweho ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2018.

Hakuziyaremye Soraya yavukiye i Bruxelles ariko nyuma ubwo yari amaze kugira imyaka itanu ababyeyi be basubiye mu Rwanda aho yakuriye ahiga amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye.

Amashuri abanza yayize kuri APE Rugunga ari na ho avuga ko yigiye Ikinyarwanda, nyuma aza kuhava akomereza muri Ecole Belge de Kigali aho yigaga Imibare n’Ubugenge.

Yize muri Kaminuza zirimo Université Libre de Bruxelles, aho yize Ubucuruzi yibanda cyane ku bijyanye n’Imari, aha yahakuye Impamyabumenyi ya Engeniorat Commercial. Yaje gukomeza kwiga gucunga ibigo mpuzamahanga muri Kaminuza ya Thunderbird School of Global Management yo muri Amerika.

Yakoze muri Banki zikomeye ku rwego rw’Isi zirimo BNP Paribas i Paris anaba umuyobozi muri Fortis Bank i Bruxelles. Soraya Hakuziyaremye yanditse amateka yo kuba ariwe mugore wa mbere uyoboye BNR.

Mu 2012 ni bwo yatashye mu Rwanda agirwa Umujyanama Mukuru wa Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga. Mu 2014, yashinze Ikigo gishinzwe gutanga Inama mu bijyanye n’Imari ariko mu 2016, aza gusubira mu gukora mu mabanki aza no kuba Visi Perezida w’Ikigo gishinzwe gukurikirana Imikorere y’Ibigo by’Imari muri ING Bank i Londres.

Nubwo benshi ubu bazi Rwangombwa na Soraya gusa ariko, hari abandi bayobozi ba Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda bayiyoboye mu bihe bitandukanye kuva yashingwa mu myaka irenga 60 ishize. Ibi, byerekana uko iyi banki yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu.

Dore ba Guverineri 10 bayoboye Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR):

1. Johan A. Brandon (1964-1965)

Johan A. Brandon ni we wabaye Guverineri wa mbere wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda ubwo yashingwaga mu 1964. Ku buyobozi bwe, yashyize imbaraga mu gutangiza gahunda y’imicungire y’ifaranga ry’igihugu no guhuza politiki y’imari n’igenamigambi ya leta nshya yari imaze kubona ubwigenge. Nubwo yamaze igihe gito ku buyobozi, yatanze umusingi ukomeye w’imikoreshereze y’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda.

2. Masaya Hattori (1965-1971)

Masaya Hattori yayoboye BNR mu gihe cy’imyaka itandatu. Yashyize imbere umubano n’amabanki mpuzamahanga, anashyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y’amabanki yigenga. Ku buyobozi bwe, u Rwanda rwatangiye kugira ubukungu bugendera ku ngamba z’imicungire y’imari iciriritse, bituma habaho gutuza kw’ifaranga mu gihugu.

3. Jean Berchmans Birara (1971-1985)

Jean Berchmans Birara ni umwe mu baguverineri bamaze igihe kirekire kuri uyu mwanya. Yayoboye BNR mu gihe cy’imyaka 14, arangwa no gushyiraho gahunda z’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’inganda zishingiye ku bikorera. Yagize uruhare mu gutangiza Banki Nyarwanda Itsura Amajyambere, BRD ndetse n’ibindi bigo by’imari byagize uruhare mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu.

4. Augustin Ruzindana (1985-1990)

Ku buyobozi bwa Augustin Ruzindana, u Rwanda rwakomeje guteza imbere ingamba z’ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi. Yashyize imbaraga mu kugenzura imikoreshereze y’ifaranga ry’igihugu, anashyira imbere ingamba zo kongera igishoro cy’amabanki kugira ngo afashe abaturage kubona inguzanyo.

5. Denis Ntirugirimbabazi (1991-1994)

Denis Ntirugirimbabazi yayoboye BNR mu gihe cyari kigoye, aho igihugu cyari mu bibazo bya politiki n’ubukungu. Yapfuye aguye mu Buholandi mu 2017, apfa ari ku rutonde rw'abashakishwaga ku ruhare rwabo muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994.

6. Gérard Niyitegeka (1994-1995)

Gérard Niyitegeka yayoboye BNR nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, mu gihe igihugu cyari mu bigoye aho ubukungu bwari bwarashegeshwe bikomeye. Yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo igihugu cyongere kugira ituze ry’ifaranga, anashyiraho ingamba z’ubufatanye n’amabanki mpuzamahanga mu rwego rwo kuzahura ubukungu bw’u Rwanda.

7. François Mutemberezi (1996-2002)

François Mutemberezi yakoze akazi gakomeye ko gusana urwego rw’imari nyuma y’ihungabana ry’ubukungu ryatewe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yashyize imbere politiki y’ivugurura ry’amabanki, ahindura imikorere yayo kugira ngo abashe gutanga serivisi nziza. Muri iyi myaka, u Rwanda rwagize iterambere ryihuse mu rwego rw’imari.

8. François Kanimba (2002-2011)

François Kanimba ni umwe mu baguverineri batanze umusanzu ukomeye mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda. Yashyize imbere ivugurura ry’ubukungu bushingiye ku isoko (liberal economy), anafasha mu gutangiza gahunda ya "Financial Inclusion," yatumye abaturage benshi batangira gukoresha serivisi z’imari. Kuri manda ye, ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwatangiye kwihuta cyane.

9. Claver Gatete (2011-2013)

Ku buyobozi bwa Claver Gatete, u Rwanda rwagize iterambere mu micungire y’ifaranga no kwinjiza ikoranabuhanga mu mikorere ya BNR. Yashyize imbere ivugurura ry’uburyo banki zigenzura serivisi zitanga, ndetse anashyigikira gahunda yo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kwishyura. Muri iki gihe, u Rwanda rwabaye igihugu cy’icyitegererezo mu kwifashisha ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw’imari.

10. John Rwangombwa (2013-2025)

John Rwangombwa yayoboye BNR mu gihe cy’imyaka 12, aharanira iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda no kugera ku cyerekezo 2050. Yashyize imbaraga mu kongera imikoreshereze y’ikoranabuhanga mu bikorwa by’imari, afasha mu guteza imbere gahunda za "Mobile Banking" na "Cashless Economy." 

Ku buyobozi bwe, ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwakomeje kwaguka, ndetse yaje gushyirwa mu baguverineri batanu beza muri Afurika mu 2022.

Nubwo benshi bamenye John Rwangombwa gusa, ariko Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda yagize abandi bayobozi mu myaka irenga 60 imaze ishinzwe