Yashinzwe mu nyungu zirambye za Amerika! Shira amatsiko kuri USAID igiye gukurwaho na Trump

Ku wa 3 Ugushyingo 1961, ni bwo Perezida John F. Kennedy yashyizeho Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe Iterambere Mpuzamahanga (USAID) abinyujije mu Itegeko rya Perezida No. 10973.

Mu myaka ibiri n’amezi 10 uyu mugabo yayoboye Amerika, John F Kennedy yakozemo ibikorwa byinshi byose biganisha ku nyungu za Amerika ari na bwo mu mwaka wa 1961 yavuze ijambo ryamamaye ngo "Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country" bivuze ngo “Ntukabaze icyo igihugu cyagukorera ahubwo ujye wibaza icyo ugikorera.”

Mu guharanira iterambere n’ubuhangange bwa Amerika, biri mu byatumye Amerika ishinga iki kigo kigamije gutanga inkunga y’iterambere n’ubutabazi bwihuse mu mahanga ku nyungu za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

USAID ikorera mu bihugu birenga 100, yagiye igaragaza uruhare rwayo n’ubufasha mu buryo butandukanye nko mu gihe cya Covid-19 aho batanze ubufasha bwo kubona ibiribwa, amacumbi, ubuvuzi bw’ibanze mu bihugu byinshi byagizweho ingaruka zikomeye n’iki cyorezo cya Covid-19.

USAID kandi itera inkunga mu bikorwa bitandukanye nk’uburezi, ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, imishinga mito n’iciriritse, gufasha ibihugu bifite imiyoborere idahwitse mu bujyanama no gutabara abari mu byago.

Iki kigo cya USAID gisanzwe gikorana n’Ibihugu, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta (NGOs), Kaminuza hanyuma bakayiha aho yashora imari nuko nayo igatanga umurongo w’uko amafaranga azatangwa nyuma akaza.

Nyamara ibyo byose bikorwa, bigamije inyungu za Amerika nk’uko nabivuze haruguru. Zimwe mu nyungu za Amerika zatumye ishinga USAID harimo;

1.      USAID yashinzwe mu gihe cy’intambara y’ubutita kugira ngo Amerika iryoshyaryoshye amahanga hanyuma itsinde iyi ntambara. Iturufu yahise ikoreshwa, ni ugutangira gufasha ibihugu bya Asia, Africa na Amerika y’Amagepfo mu bihugu bicyennye hanyuma nabyo bijya mu bitugu bya Amerika.

2.     Amerika yari igamije mu kwagura ibikorwa byayo by’ubucuruzi kuko iyo uyu muryango ufasha Igihugu runaka, biragoranye ko ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi by’Abanyamerika byasubizwa inyuma muri icyo gihugu.

3.     USAID kandi yagiraga uruhare rwo kugabanya abimukira bajya muri Amerika kuko ahari ibibazo bazaga mu ba mbere bakabafashiriza aho bityo abahunga bakaba bacye. Urugero: USAID yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutabara Haiti nyuma y’umutingito wa 2010, bigabanya umubare w’abashakaga guhungira muri Amerika.

4.     Kugabanya intambara n’ibibazo by’umutekano ahanini zishingiye ku bukene ndetse no kureshyareshya ibihugu byinshi bijya mu bitugu bya Amerika ndetse no kugira ijambo rikomeye muri ibyo bihugu.

Izi ngingo zigaragaza ko n’ubwo USAID igifite uruhare mu bihugu ikoreramo, hari izindi nyungu Amerika ikura mu gufasha binyuze muri iki kigo.

N’ubwo iki kigo gitwara amamiliyari menshi buri mwaka, nta ngano ihoraho z’amafaranga batanga ahubwo asohoka yose agendera ku yemejwe na kongere ndetse n’ibikorwa biyatwara uko bingana. Urugero mu mwaka wa 2020, USAID yakoresheje ingengo y’imari y’arenga miliyari 41 z’amadorali y’amerika aho 6 muri zo zari zigenewe ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi.

Mu mwaka wa 2024, USAID yasabye Miliyari 63.1 z’amadorali ya Amerika ariko bayemerera 32 gusa kubera ko Amerika yari yaratangiye ikitwa “America First” batangiye kugabanya aya mafaranga batanga mu mfashanyo.

Nyamara n’ubwo iki kigo cyari gifatiye runini ibihugu byo hirya no hino ku Isi, Donald Trump yatangaje ko iki kigo kigomba guhagarara ndetse na bamwe mu bakozi bakora muri iki kigo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bakaba bamaze gukurwa mu kazi.

Itegko Nshinga rya Amerika Ingingo ya II, Icyiciro cya 2, riha Perezida uburenganzira bwo guhindura cyangwa guhagarika inkunga za USAID mu gihe akigena politiki y’amahanga.

Si Perezida gusa, Ingingo ya I, Icyiciro cya 9 ivuga ko "Nta mutungo wa Leta uzakoreshwa hatabayeho itegeko ribyemeza..." biha uburenganzira Kongere kuba yakuraho cyangwa ikagabanya ibitangwa muri USAID kuko nabyo ari umutungo w’Igihugu.

Urukiko Rukuru rwa Amerika (Supreme Court): Rushobora gutegeka ko ibikorwa bya USAID bihagarikwa nibiba binyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga.

Urugero: Mu rubanza rwa Agency for Int'l Development v. Alliance for Open Society (2013), Urukiko Rukuru rwategetse ko USAID itashobora guhatira imiryango itegamiye kuri leta kwemera politiki yo kurwanya ubusambanyi kugira ngo ihabwe inkunga.

Nyamara n’ubwo USAID ifite ingingo nyinshi zo guhagarikwa cyangwa kugabanyirizwa ingengo y’imari, yagiyeho ikurikije Itegeko Nshinga rya Amerika akaba ariyo mpamvu no mu gukurwaho hagomba kwitabazwa itegeko.

Itegeko ry’Inkunga Mpuzamahanga rya 1961 ni tegeko ryasinywe na Kennedy akaba ari naryo ryashinze USAID ku mugaragaro. Riha Perezida uburenganzira bwo gutanga inkunga y’ubukungu n’iy’igisirikare ku bindi bihugu.

N’ubwo ntaho mu Itegeko Nshinga handitse USAID, Iki kigo kigengwa kandi kikarengerwa n’andi mategeko agenga ibigo bitera inkunga. Ingingo ya I, Icyiciro cya 8 (Ububasha bwo Gutanga Inkunga), havuga ko Kongere ifite ububasha bwo "gutanga imisoro no gukoresha umutungo wa leta mu nyungu rusange no mu kwirinda ibibazo bibangamira igihugu."

Ibi bivuze ko Kongere ishobora gutanga amafaranga yo gushyigikira iterambere n’inkunga mpuzamahanga nka USAID.

Ingingo ya II, Icyiciro cya 2 mu itegeko Nshinga ivuga ku ‘Ububasha bwa Perezida’, ryemeza ko Perezida ari we ushinzwe politiki y’amahanga, harimo no kuyobora imishinga y’iterambere nka USAID.

Kuri ubu, abafite ububasha bwo gushyiraho USAID no kuyikuraho, nibo bari kwifuza ko iki kigo kivaho n’ubwo bizatera ibibazo ku bihugu bikennye byajyaga bifashwe n’inkunga nyinshi zaturukaga muri iki kigega.

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