Uko impuguke zibona icyerekezo cy'ubukungu bw’u Rwanda mu myaka 5 iri imbere

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyize ingufu muri gahunda zigamije kuzamura ubukungu bw’abaturage binyuze mu kubaha imirimo ibinjiriza amafaranga, uburezi na serivisi z’ubuzima byongererwa imbaraga. Umusaruro mbumbe wazamutse ku mpuzandengo irenga 7% buri mwaka, n'ibyo umuturage yinjiza bigera ku 1040$, avuye ku 111$ mu 1994.

Muri gahunda y’imyaka irindwi igamije kwihutisha iterambere, u Rwanda rwihaye intego yo guhanga imirimo ibihumbi 200 buri mwaka, kugira ngo rushobore guhangana n’ubushomeri.

Kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2023 hahanzwe imirimo mishya miliyoni 1.1, mu ngeri zitandukanye z’ubukungu bw’igihugu ndetse iyi gahunda ishobora kuzakomeza mu myaka itanu iri imbere hakajya hahangwa imirimo ibihumbi 250.

Imibare igaragaza ko mu myaka 30 ishize u Rwanda rwateye intambwe idasanzwe, ubukungu buzamuka ku mpuzandengo yo hejuru, ndetse n'uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi Dr Uzziel Ndagijimana yakunze kugaragaza ko buzakomeza kwihagararaho no mu myaka iri imbere.

Mu gushaka kumenya neza ishusho y’imyaka 30 ishize y’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda ari nayo ishingirwaho mu guha abanyarwanda icyizere cy’ejo hazaza heza kurushaho, InyaRwanda yaganiriye n’umuhanga mu by’ubukungu akaba n’umusesenguzi mu bya Politiki, Nizeyimana Alexis, maze ashimangira ko mu myaka 30 ishize hubatswe umusingi ubukungu bw’ibihugu bwubakiyeho uyu munsi.

Mu byashyizweho mu myaka yatambutse, harimo amategeko agenga ubukungu bw’igihugu haba arebana n'umutungo (uwa leta n'uw'abantu ku giti cyabo), hagiyeho amategeko arebana n'ishoramari no kuryoroshya, hajyaho inzego n'inkiko zihariye zishobora gukemura ibibazo byavukamo; mbese uburyo bwose bw'inzego n'amategeko bihabwa umurongo.

Mu kwagura ubukungu bw'igihugu kandi, hubatswe ibikorwa remezo  nk'imihanda yoroshya ubuhahirane n'ubukerarugendo, amashanyarazi n'amazi bikenerwa mu nganda, mu bucururuzi no mu mibereho isanzwe, inyubako zo gukoreramo, ikoranabuhanga rifasha mu nzego zose z'ubukungu n'ishoramari, ibibuga by'indege byoroshya ingendo, gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu rwego rwo guhuza igihugu n'amahanga ya kure.

Hatejwe imbere ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bigaburira inganda, hubakwa inganda, hazamurwa ubukerarugendo n'ubucuruzi na serivisi muri rusange.

Uyu musingi w'ubukungu rero warubatswe ndetse bituma ubukungu bw'igihugu bwaguka ku buryo muri iyi myaka umusaruro mbumbe ku muturage ku mwaka wavuye hafi ku busa ukarenga ku 1000$ nuri 2023.

Ijanisha ry'abaturage bakennye ryavuye hafi kuri 70% rigera kuri 30%. Igihugu kibonera ingengo y'imari itarimo inkunga kugera kuri 80%.

Alexis yagize ati: “Uku kwaguka k'ubukungu kwatanze umusaruro mu mibereho myiza y'abaturage aho umuriro w'amashanyarazi ubu ugera kuri 73% y'ingo zose tuvuye hasi ya 10% muri iyo myaka, amazi meza agera ku baturage hejuru ya 70%, amashuri kuva ku ncuke kugera ku makuru yiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, ibitaro n'amavuriro byariyongereye, n'ibindi byinshi.”

Akomoza ku myaka 5 iri imbere, Alexis yavuze ko ubukungu buzakomeza gukura mu nzego zabwo cyane ko Umukuru w'Igihugu yabyijeje abanyarwanda. Yasobanuye ko hakenewe kongera imbaraga mu buhinzi n'ubworozi cyane cyane mu rwego rw'ubushakashatsi butuma inyongeramusaruro zikenewe (imbuto, ifumbire, imiti, intanga z'amatungo) zikorerwa imbere mu gihugu zigahendukira abaturage.

Abona kandi hakenewe gushyira imbaraga mu buhinzi buhangana n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe hafatwa amazi y'imvura agakoreshwa no gufata neza ubutaka. Mu bucuruzi ho hakenewe gushyiraho umurongo worohereza abagitangira kubukora kandi bafite amikoro macye.

Hakenewe kandi umurongo worohereza ishingwa ry'inganda nto cyane cyane izitunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi n'ubworozi, amashyamba, ibumba n'ibindi.

Mu rwego rwo kurushaho gushimangira iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu, Alexis yagize ati: "Hakenewe gukorwa ibishoboka byose iyi myaka 5 ikaba yashira tubonye umuhanda wa Gari ya Moshi kuko byakoroshya gutwara abantu n'ibintu kdi bikagabanya bifatika igiciro cy'ubwikorezi."

Mu bindi bikenewe, harimo imbaraga zidasanzwe mu kuzamura ubwinshi n'ubwiza bw'ibikorerwa mu Rwanda ku buryo hagabanwa icyuho kiri hagati y'ibyo igihugu cyohereza mu mahanga n'ibyo gitumizayo.

Hakenewe kuzamura ireme ry'uburezi no guhuza uburezi n'isoko ry'umurimo kugira ngo ubu bukungu bobone abakozi bashoboye haba mu nzego za Leta no mu bikorera.

Hakenewe kandi ubukangurambaga mu baturage bose bujyanye no gukora no kudasuzugura umurimo uwo ari wo wose, 'kuko umuturage ufite icyo yinjiza yorohereza ubuyobozi bwe muri Leta kumukorera icyo atishoboye aho kurwana no kumushakira inkunga y'ingoboka.'

Uburyo bwo gutoza urubyiruko rw'u Rwanda gukora imirimo iboneka aho ruhereye no kumenya ko 'gukira vuba ntaho biba ahubwo bisaba kubira icyuya kandi udasuzuguye umurimo n'iyo waba uhemba umushara muto,' nabwo bukeneye kongerwamo imbaraga.

Muri iyi myaka 5 iri imbere, hagomba kubungabunga ibidukikije hacungwa neza umutungo kamere igihugu gifite cyane cyane uw'amazi, ubutaka, amashyamba n'ibishanga ndetse hacungwa neza imyanda ikomoka ku bikorwa by'iterambere n'imibereho y'abantu mu Mijyi yose y'Igihugu n'udusantere twose tw'ubucuruzi n'imiturire. Aha kandi hagomba kuboneka umurongo uhamye wo gucunga amazi y'imvura ahantu hose hari inyubako zaba iz'ubucuruzi cyangwa imiturire.

Ni mu gihe indi mpuguke mu by'ubukungu akaba n'umusesenguzi mu bya Politiki, Dr Bihira Canisius na we yavuze ko nubwo ubukungu bw'u Rwanda buhagaze neza ariko nta byera ngo de, bityo ko hakenewe kongera imbaraga mu bijyanye n'umusaruro ndetse n'inganda kugira ngo haboneke ibihagije abanyarwanda ndetse n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga.

Kugira ngo hatazagira urwego rudindiza izindi mu bikorwa by'ubukungu n'iterambere, impuguke mu bijyanye n'ubukungu zishimangira ko inzego zose zigomba kuzuzanya.

Impuguke zigaragaza ibi mu gihe Banki y’Isi igaragaza ko umusaruro mbumbe w’u Rwanda mu 1994 wari miliyoni 753.6$, mu 2000 urazamuka ugera kuri miliyari 2.07$. Mu 2015 wageze kuri miliyari 8.54$. Ni mu gihe mu 2023 wageze kuri miliyari 15.283 Frw avuye kuri miliyari 11.983 Frw mu 2022.

Ubushakashatsi ku mibereho y’ingo mu Rwanda bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2000, bugaragaza ko icyo gihe ikigero cy’ubukene cyari kuri 60.4% kivuye kuri 77.8% mu mwaka wa 1994, icyizere cyo kurama kiri ku myaka 49.

Abana bagwingiye bari 42,7%, naho abana bagaragazaga ibimenyetso bikabije by’imirire mibi ari 29%. Mu 2015, abana bagwingiye bari 38%, baramanuka bagera kuri 33% mu 2020.

Mu 2000, ubushakashatsi ku bipimo by’imibereho myiza y’abaturage bwagaragaje ko 90% by’Abanyarwanda bakoraga ubuhinzi naho 89% bakaba bari mu cyiciro cy’abadakorera umushahara cyangwa abikorera ibyabo.

Ubukene bwaragabanyutse, bugera kuri 38,2% na ho ubukene bukabije bugera kuri 16% mu 2017 bigizwemo uruhare na gahunda zirimo EDPRS ya mbere n’iya kabiri, VUP n’izindi, ndetse ubu imiryango ikiri munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene ikomeza gufashwa kubwigobotora.

Ingengo y’imari y’u Rwanda y’umwaka wa 2023/2024 igera kuri miliyari 5.115,6 Frw. Inkunga z’amahanga zingana na 13% mu gihe inguzanyo ziva mu mahanga zigera kuri 24% by’ingengo y’imari yose.

Impuguke mu by'ubukungu akaba n'umusesenguzi mu bya politiki, Ndagijimana Alexis yagaragaje ibikwiye kongerwamo imbaraga mu kurushaho gushimangira umusingi w'ubukungu bw'u Rwanda

Bimwe mu bigaragaza aho igihugu cyavuye, aho kigeze ndetse n'aho kigana harimo n'iterambere ry'ibikorwa remezo