Congo mu nzira zo kuganira na M23 i Luanda! Umuhuza w’amahoro ashyirwaho ate?

Hashize igihe kitari gito igihugu cya Angola kiyobowe na Perezida João Lourenço aricyo muhuza w’ibiganiro bigamije kugarura amahoro mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo dore ko igihe kibaye kirekire abantu bapfa umunsi ku wundi ari nako ibikorwaremezo bisenywa.

Ku ikubitiro, iki gihugu cyabanje kuganiriza Congo n’u Rwanda kuko yakundaga kurushyira mu majwi ivuga ko arirwo rwihishe inyuma y’uyu mutekano muke nubwo rwo rutahwemye kugaragaza ikibazo ndetse n’uko cyacyemuka.

U Rwanda rwagaragaje ko iki kibazo kiri mu Burasirazuba bwa DR-Congo kitatewe n’abanyarwanda kuko abaturage batuyeyo hariya abavuga ikinyarwanda ndete rwereka amahanga ko inzira ishoboka yo gukemura ikibazo ari ukubahuriza mu biganiro.

Nyuma y’igihe kirekire iyi ngingo yirengagizwa, Perezidansi ya Angola yatangaje ko nyuma y’uruzinduko ruto Perezida wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Félix Tshisekedi, yagiriye i Luanda, hemejwe ko Angola nk’umuhuza,izayobora ibiganiro bizahuza abahagarariye umutwe wa M23 n’abahagarariye uruhande rwa Leta ya RDC.

Ibi biganiro bikazabera i Luanda mu minsi mike iri imbere, bigamije gushaka icyazana amahoro arambye muri icyo gihugu.

Nubwo igihugu cya Angola gishyize mu bikorwa inzira ikwiye yo gukemura ikibazo, cyatowe nande ngo kibe umuhuza w’ibi biganiro?

Ntabwo ngiye kuvuga Angola muri rusange nubwo ari urugero rw’umuhuza abantu bose bazi, ndashaka gucukumbura no kumenya ushyiraho umuhuza n’ibyo agomba kuba yujuje.

Umuhuza w’amahoro ni umuntu, igihugu, cyangwa urwego mpuzamahanga rushyirwaho kugira ngo rufashe mu biganiro by’amahoro hagati y’impande zishyamiranye. Uwo muhuza agira uruhare mu gufasha impande zose kuganira, gukemura amakimbirane no kugera ku masezerano y’amahoro arambye.

1. Ni nde ushyiraho umuhuza w’amahoro?

Umuhuza w’amahoro ashobora gushyirwaho n’inzego zitandukanye bitewe n’imiterere y’amakimbirane. Harimo:

Imiryango mpuzamahanga: Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UN), Umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe (AU), cyangwa ibindi nk’Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU) bishobora gushyiraho abahuza mu biganiro by’amahoro.

Ibihugu by’akarere cyangwa ibifitanye isano n’amakimbirane: Hari igihe ibihugu by’akarere byihitamo igihugu kizaba umuhuza nk’uko Angola yagizwe umuhuza mu kibazo cya RDC n’u Rwanda binyuze muri "Luanda Process".

Ibihugu bikomeye cyangwa birebwa n’iyo ntambara: Ibihugu bifite inyungu mu mahoro muri ako karere bishobora gutanga umuhuza.

Inama cyangwa ibiganiro by’amahoro: Hari igihe impande zishyamiranye ubwazo zemeranya ku muhuza w’amahoro uzabafasha kuganira.

Imiryango itari iya leta (NGOs) n’inzobere mu bunyamategeko mpuzamahanga: Hari igihe imiryango yigenga ifite ubunararibonye mu guhuza impande zishyamiranye ishobora guhabwa inshingano zo kuba abahuza.

2. Umuhuza w’amahoro agomba kuba yujuje ibiki?

Umuntu cyangwa igihugu gishyirwa nk’umuhuza w’amahoro kigomba kuba gifite ibi bikurikira:

a) Uburambe mu bwunzi no mu biganiro

Umuhuza agomba kuba afite ubushobozi bwo gukemura amakimbirane, akaba azi ibyerekeye ubunyamwuga mu biganiro, ndetse akaba afite ubushobozi bwo kumvikanisha impande zihanganye.

Ashobora kuba ari igihugu gifite amateka meza mu bunyamategeko mpuzamahanga n’ubuhuza.

b) Kutabogama (Neutrality)

Umuhuza agomba kuba adafite aho abogamiye mu mpande zishyamiranye. Ibi bivuze ko agomba gukorana n’impande zose mu bwisanzure, adashyigikiye uruhande rumwe.

Kuba igihugu kidafite inyungu zihariye mu makimbirane bifasha kugirira icyizere uwo muhuza.

c) Kuba afite icyubahiro n’icyizere mpuzamahanga

Kuba igihugu cyizewe n’impande zombi bituma cyemerwa nk’umuhuza mwiza.

Kuba gifite umuyobozi cyangwa abayobozi bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibiganiro bikomeye.

d) Kuba gifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibisubizo bifatika

Umuhuza agomba kuba afite ubushobozi bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ibisubizo biboneye ku mpande zose.

Aho bishoboka, agomba kuba afite ubushobozi bwo gutanga imfashanyo cyangwa ubufasha bwo gusana ibyo intambara yangije.

e) Kuba afite ubunararibonye mu makimbirane nk’ayo

Kuba igihugu cyaranyuze mu makimbirane nk’ayo cyangwa kigira amateka meza yo guhuza amahoro bituma cyizerwa nk’umuhuza.

3. Ibihugu n’abantu bamenyekanye mu buhuza bw’amahoro

Norway: Yabaye umuhuza mu masezerano y’amahoro hagati ya Israel na Palestine (Oslo Accords).

Afurika y'Epfo: Yabaye umuhuza mu biganiro by’amahoro muri Sudani y’Epfo.

Kofi Annan (wahoze ari Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa UN): Yagize uruhare mu biganiro by’amahoro muri Kenya mu 2008.

Julius Nyerere (wahoze ari Perezida wa Tanzania): Yagize uruhare mu biganiro by’amahoro mu Burundi.

Umuhuza w’amahoro agira uruhare rukomeye mu gukemura amakimbirane, ariko agomba kuba afite ubushobozi, ubunararibonye, kutabogama, icyubahiro mpuzamahanga n’ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibisubizo bifatika kandi akaba umunyakuri.

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