Ziyobowe n’iyo muri Afurika imaze imyaka 1,166: Kaminuza 10 zishaje cyane ku Isi

Mu gukora iyi nkuru, hashingiwe ku makuru atangwa na Guinness World Records na Student.com, agaragaza kaminuza 10 zishaje cyane ku isi, zimwe muri zo zikaba zigikomeje gutanga uburezi n’uyu munsi.

Izi kaminuza za kera cyane zagize uruhare rukomeye mu mateka y’uburezi ku isi, zibaruka bamwe mu banyabwenge bakomeye kandi zigira uruhare mu guhanga udushya mu nzego zitandukanye. N’ubu ziracyakomeje gusigasira umurage wazo wo gutanga uburezi bufite ireme no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi.

Kaminuza ya mbere ishaje cyane ku Isi ni iyo muri Afurika. Yitwa al-Qarawiyyin yo mu gihugu cya Maroc, ikaraba yarashinzwe mu mwaka wa 859. Ni yo kaminuza ya kera cyane ku isi ikomeje gutanga impamyabumenyi n'uyu munsi. Yashinzwe na Fatima al-Fihri, ikaba imaze imyaka irenga igihumbi izwi nk'ikigo gikomeye cy’ubushakashatsi n’amasomo y’idini ya Islam n’icyarabu.

Mu mwaka wa 1088, hashinzwe Kaminuza ya Bologna mu Butaliyani, ikaba ari yo kaminuza ya kera cyane ku mugabane w’u Burayi. Iyi kaminuza yagize uruhare runini mu gutegura uburyo bw’imyigishirize bwagiye bukoreshwa mu mashuri makuru menshi ku isi, kandi n’ubu iracyari imwe mu zikomeye mu Butaliyani.

Kaminuza ya Oxford, iherereye mu Bwongereza, yatangiye kwigisha mu mwaka wa 1096, ikaba ari yo kaminuza ya kera cyane mu bihugu bikoresha ururimi rw'Icyongereza. Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutanga ubumenyi bwihariye, ikaba yaratanze ubumenyi ku banyeshuri benshi baje kuvamo abayobozi bakomeye ku isi, abahanga mu bumenyi, ndetse n’abatsindiye ibihembo bya Nobel.

Mu mwaka wa 1150, Kaminuza ya Paris yatangiye gutanga amasomo arimo aya filozofiya, iyobokamana n’amategeko. Nubwo yasenywe mu gihe cy’impinduramatwara y’Abafaransa, nyuma yaje kongera kwiyubaka, ndetse n'amashami yayo ahinduka zimwe muri kaminuza zikomeye mu Bufaransa.

Kaminuza ya Cambridge iherereye mu Bwongereza, yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1209 n’abanyeshuri bavuye muri Oxford nyuma y’amakimbirane yari ahamaze igihe. Kuva icyo gihe, yabaye imwe muri kaminuza zikomeye ku isi, izwiho gutanga uburezi bufite ireme no gukora ubushakashatsi bukomeye.

Mu mwaka wa 1218, Kaminuza ya Salamanca yo muri Espagne nibwo yashinzwe, ikaba imwe mu zikomeye cyane mu bihugu bikoresha ururimi rw’Icyesipanyoli. Yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ururimi rw’Icyesipanyoli no mu bushakashatsi mu by’amategeko.

Kaminuza ya Padua, yashinzwe mu 1222 yo mu Butaliyani, izwiho kuba yaragize abarimu n’abanyeshuri b’inararibonye nka Galileo Galilei. N’uyu munsi, iracyari kimwe mu bigo bikomeye by’uburezi bwisumbuye mu Butaliyani, ikaba ikomeje gutanga umusanzu mu bushakashatsi butandukanye.

Mu mwaka wa 1224, Kaminuza ya Naples Federico II yashinzwe n’Umwami Frederick wa Kabiri w’Ubudage, ikaba ari imwe mu mashuri ya mbere ku isi yatewe inkunga na Leta. Iyi kaminuza iracyakomeje kuba igicumbi cy’uburezi n’ubushakashatsi mu Butaliyani.

Kaminuza ya Siena, yashinzwe mu 1246, izwiho kugira amashami akomeye mu by’amategeko, ubuvuzi n’ubukungu. Ifatwa nk’imwe muri kaminuza nziza za Leta mu Butaliyani, kandi ikomeje kugira ubudasa mu rwego rw’ubushakashatsi n’uburezi.

Mu mwaka wa 1290, hashinzwe Kaminuza ya Coimbra muri Portugal, ikaba ari yo kaminuza ya kera cyane muri iki gihugu. Imaze imyaka myinshi ari ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ubumenyi ku mugabane w’u Burayi, ikaba ifite amateka akomeye mu iterambere rya siyansi n’umuco.