Bigenda gute iyo ibihugu bifitanye amakimbirane bibuze umuhuza?

Iyo igihugu kigize ikibazo n’ikindi cyangwa se kikagirana ikibazo n’undi mutwe, Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UN), Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU), Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) na Umuryango w’Ibihugu bya Amerika (OAS), Imiryango y’akarere (Regional Organizations) nka nka EAC (East African Community), SADC (Southern African Development Community), ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) bishobora gushyiraho uburyo bw’ubuhuza hagendewe aho ibyo bihugu biherereye.

Uretse n’iyi miryango, ibihugu ubwabyo bifitanye amakimbirane bishobora gushyiraho ubahuza mu makimbirane yabo hanyuma bakaba babicoca cyangwa se igihugu gikomeye kigafata inshingano zo kubahuza.

Nyamara n’ubwo bigoye ko Ibihugu bifite amakimbirane byabura umuhuza, hari igihe bishoboka cyangwa se bagatinda kubona abahuza. Aha ni nk’ibihugu bibiri bikomeye bigiranye amakimbirane kandi byose byihagazeho, biragoye ko byakumvikana.

Mu gihe se inzira y’ubuhuza itashobotse kubera impamvu zitandukanye bigenda gute?

Imishyikirano y'ibihugu byombi (Bilateral Negotiations): Ibihugu byombi bishobora kwicara hamwe, bikaganira ku bibazo biri hagati yabo mu buryo bwa dipolomasi, hagamijwe kugera ku mwanzuro w'amahoro.

Gushaka ubuhuza bw'ibihugu bitabogamye (Third-Party Mediation): Nubwo umuhuza ashobora kubura, ibihugu bishobora kwiyambaza igihugu cyangwa umuryango mpuzamahanga udafite aho ubogamiye kugira ngo ubafashe mu mishyikirano.

Kwiyambaza imiryango mpuzamahanga (International Organizations): Ibihugu bishobora kwitabaza imiryango mpuzamahanga nk'Umuryango w'Abibumbye (ONU) cyangwa Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) kugira ngo ibafashe mu gukemura amakimbirane.

Gushyikiriza ikibazo inkiko mpuzamahanga (International Courts): Mu gihe amakimbirane asobanurwa kandi ahanwa n'amategeko mpuzamahanga, ibihugu bishobora kwiyambaza inkiko mpuzamahanga nk'Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha (ICJ) kugira ngo rukemure ikibazo.

Gukoresha uburyo bw'ubwumvikane busesuye (Arbitration): Ibihugu bishobora kwemera guhitamo abantu cyangwa ibigo byigenga kugira ngo bikemure amakimbirane yabo mu buryo bw'ubwumvikane busesuye.

Gushyira mu bikorwa ibihano by'ubukungu cyangwa dipolomasi (Sanctions): Mu gihe imishyikirano itageze ku musaruro, ibihugu bishobora gufatira ibihano ikindi gihugu bahanganye nacyo mu rwego rw'ubukungu cyangwa dipolomasi kugira ngo byotswe igitutu cyo kwemera ibiganiro.

Ubushake ni ingenzi mu gihe cyo gukemura amakimbirane hagati y’Ibihugu bibiri gusa na none, kuba ibihugu bifitanye amakimbirane, ntabwo ari ukuvuga ko bari mu ntamabara gusa ahubwo hari n’ibindi bikorwa bishobora gutuma habaho iyo ntambara.