'Access to Medicine' ivuga ko COVID-19 yatumye imiti yegerezwa abayikeneye iribaza niba bizakomeza

Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Access To Medicine gisanga kuva icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyatangira, ibigo byinshi bikora imiti byatangiye gukora ibicuruzwa byabo mu buryo bwagutse cyane cyane kugeza ibicuruzwa byabo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere ndetse n’ibyifashije ku rwego ruri hejuru; ihurizo rikaba k’ubushobozi bw’ibigo bikora imiti niba bizabasha kongera ibicuruzwa mu bihugu byose bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.  

-77% by’imishinga bigeze ku musozo, ibigo bifite gahunda yo kugeza ubushobozi bw’ibicuruzwa byose ku isoko mu gihe cya vuba, ugereranyije na 40% y’ifatizo riheruka. 

-Ibigo biri kongera uburyo bushya bwo kwegereza ibicuruzwa byabo amasoko yose ku kigero cya 83% bimaze kugerwaho bivuye kuri 58%. 

-Ibigo bitatu nibwo bimaze gusa amasezerano y’ubushake hamwe na Norvatis mu gufatanya gusakaza imiti y’indwara nyinshi zitavugwa. 

-Ubushakashatsi n’iterambere mu buryo bwihuse bigaragaza ko COVID 19 yagaragaje ko hari ikibazo cy’ubusumbane mu nkingo, bityo bikaba bikiri ikibazo kubona uko izi nkingo zagezwa hose .

-GSK niyo iyoboye urutonde igakurikirwa na Johnson & Johnson mu gihe astraZeneca iza ku mwanya wa gatatu.  

Kubera icyorezo cya COVID 19 cyugarije isi ndetse mu gihe kirekire, ibigo bikora imiti byunze ubumwe Mu rwego rwo gushakira igisubizo hamwe ndetse no kugeza ibicuruzwa byabo ku masoko y’ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.  Ibyo Access to Medicine yatangaje uyu munsi bigaragaza ko ibigo byateye ntambwe nziza wongeyemo n’ibyari bikiri mu nzira yo kugira icyo bikora. 

Ku nshuro ya mbere, ibigo byose 20 bigaragaza uburyo bw’imikorere muri iki cyegeranyo, 19 muri byo byamaze gutera intambwe mu buryo bwo kuba ibigo byagutse. Icyegeranyo kigaragaza kandi uko bimwe bigo byatangiye kongera uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere nka GSK Pfizer na Takeda. 

Wongeyeho kandi ibigo byinshi byateye intambwe mu gusinya amasezerano y’ubufatanye no gutanga uburenganzira ku bindi bigo mu gukora ibicuruzwa byabo. Ibi bikazongera umusaruro ndetse ndetse bikorohereza abari mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’iterambere kubona ubuvuzi n’imiti biri ku rwego rwiza. 

Nubwo bimeze gutya ariko haracyari urugendo rutoroshye, mu bihugu bigifite umusaruro muke, biracyagoranye ko twabigereranya n’ibihugu by’umusaruro mwinshi. Pfizer na Sanofi bavuga ko ubushake buhari muri ibi bihugu biramutse bikomeje gutyo ndetse ubushake bukanashyira mu bikorwa ibyo baba biyemeje nta kabuza umusaruro waboneka. 

Jayasree K.Iyer, Umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi Access to Medicine Foundation yagize ati” ibigo bikora ibijyanye n’imiti byamaze kwishyira hamwe no kumvikana mu kurwanya Covid-19, wongeyeho n’ubushake bwo kubigeza mu bihugu byinshi. Biramutse bikomereje muri uyu murongo imiti ikagera ku barwayi mu buryo bwihuse kandi bwiza, bizaba ari ibintu byiza ndetse binasubiza ikibazo cy’ubusambane mu buvuzi ku isi”. 

Gutegura uburyo bwumvikana ndetse bwihuta mu kugeza ibicuruzwa ku baturage bikimara gusohoka

Ibigo bikeneye umwanya ndetse n’uburyo bwo kugeza imiti ku baturage mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere byihuse, ku bwibyo ibi bigo bikeneye kuba bifite uburyo buhagije bwo kwegera abaturage ndetse byihuse byibuze igicuruzwa kigeze kuri Phase ya kabiri (Ikigero cya nyuma). 

Ibigo bitandatu nibyo bifite uburenganzira kugeza ubu muri 20 ibyo bigo ni: Astellas, Boehringer Ingelheim, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Novartis, na Takeda.  Muri iki gihe byibuze 15% bafite uburenganzira kuri iyi plan mu bigo byose, uhereye mu bihugu 27 by’umusaruro muke na 26 by’umusaruro uri hagati.

Bimwe mu bigo bifite uburyo bworohereza ibihugu byinjiza umusaruro muke, urugero: mu bigiugu by’injiza umusaruro muke, Norvatis mu igerageza ryabo batanga cipargamin (KAE609) mu kuvura Malaria; ndetse bizeye ko umunsi umuti wemejwe bazakomerezaho.  

Taked yo ifite uruhushya rwo gutanga urukingo QDENGA® (TAK-003), mu gihe bagitegereje ko babaha uburenganzira bwuzuye ndetse bakanagena ibiciro byoroshye kandi buri wese yisangamo. Uru rukingo rwageze muri European Medicines Agency (EMA) mu kwezi kwa Munani(Kanama) 2022, ubu rutegereje ko rwemezwa burundu. 

Cyane cyane mu ndwara zidakunzwe kuvugwa (NCDs). Novartis NEVL niyo yabanje gusinya amasezerano mu gukora imiti ivura Leukaemia, niyo masezerano ya mbere yari abayeho mu kuvura izi ndwara zitavugwa (NCD). N’ikimenyetso cy’iza ko ibigo byinshi bizagenda bigana aya masezerano ya NEVL. 

“ Icyegeranyo cya 2022 cyerekana ko ubucuruzo bw’imiti buri kugenda bugana mu iterambere cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu iterembere, ibigo bigomba kumenya uburyo bacuruzamo, ibiciro ndetse no kwihutisha serivisi bikaba intego nk’imwe mu nziro ya kugera ku baturage benshi”- James Haze, umuyobozi mukuru w’ubushakashatsi bwa 2022 muri Access to Medicine Foundation.

Astrazeneca yageze mu myanya 3 ya mbere, Merck iza muri itanu 

Ikigo Acces to Medicine Foundation gishyira mu myanya ibigo 20 ku bigo bya mbere mu gukora imiti, mu bihugu 108 bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere. GSK niyo iri ku mwanya wa mbere uyu mwaka, ikurikiwe na Johnson & Johnson mu AstraZeneca ari iya gatatu ku nshuro ya mbere. 

GSK iyoboye mu gukora ubushakashatsi bugamije iterambere mu kuvura indwara zikomeye zugarije ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere,mu kubagezaho uburyo bushoboka bwo kubona ibicuruzwa byabo bitandukanye ndetse n’uburenganzira bwo gukora. AstraZeneca iri mu myanya y’imbere kubera uburyo yakoresheje bwo 

Mu gihe ibigo biri kugenda bitera imbere, ibigo bishishikarizwa gukora ubushakashatsi bw’iterambere ry’imiti yabo ndetse no korohereza abaguzi mu kugura imiti baba bashyize ku isoko. Mu gusinya amasezerano y’ubufatanye byafasha cyane ibigo kugeza imiti mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’iterambere.  

Kimwe mubiri gufasha cyane ibigo ugendeye ku cyegerenyo cyo mu 2022, n’uko ibiigo byinshi biir gusinya amasezerano ateruye aho basinyana n’ibindi bigo bakemeranya gukora imiti yabo  mu izina ry’ibindi bigo mu bihugu bitandukanye. 

Mu gihe cy’igenzura byagaragaye ko ibigo 6 byinjiye mu buryo bushya bwo gusinyana amasezerano, bitatu muribyo ku nshuro ya mbere basinyanye amasezero y’ubufatanye mu  bya COVID-19 ibyo bigo ni; AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Novartis, ibi byafunguye imiryango ku bindi bigo mu kuba batekereza mu buryo bwagutse mu micururize imiti. 

Kwemerera n’ibindi bigo bigakoresha imiti yabo k’ubwamasezerano ndetse no kwihutisha ikoranabuhanga mu bikorwa byabo. 

Ku nshuro ya mbere, Bayer yageze mu bigo icumi bya mbere, kuko bongeye umuhate mu gukora ubushakashatsi ndetse n’terambere ryihuse. Ugendeye ku mbonerahamwe Bayer igaragara ko ariyo yagize igipimo kiri hejuru mu buryo bwo gukora. Naho Merck yaje muri bigo bya mbere hagendewe ku buryo ariyo igaragaza igipimo kiri hejuru mu iterambere ndetse no gutangira kugerageza gusinya amasezerano n’ibindi bigo. 

Ubushakashatsi ku ndwara zandura zishobora kuzateza ibindi ibyago 

Iki cyegeranyo kigaragaza neza ko kuva COVID-19 yakwaduka, ibigo bikora imiti, bitagishishikajwe no gukora ubushakashatsi ku ndwara zandura (EIDs) ushyizemo n’izikomoka kuri Corona Virus zagaragaje ko zishobora gutera ibyorezo bikomeye ku isi. 

Iki cyegeranyo kigaragaza ko mu 2022 imishinga ku bushukashatsi bw’indwara zitandura ukuyemo COVID-19) nta kigeze kibukorwaho.  Uretse ibigo bitanu byoni bya ; Bayer, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, MSD and Takeda bikiri muri uyu murongo, kandi nabyo bikaba bireba umubare muke w’indwara zandura zishobora kuzibasira isi mu buryo bukomeye mu gihe kiri imbere. 

Uretse ibi ariko, hari icyizere cy’ibyakozwa kandi neza aho mu gukora imiti ku ndwara zandura, Johnson & Johnson’s bagerageje gukora urukingo rwa Ebola, (Zabdeno® & Mvabea®) Bayer yemeje iyi (Fludora® Co-Max) ikoreshwa mu kurwanya imibu ikuze ishobora gutwara indwara zandura nka Chikungunya and Zika yanemejwe na WHO mu buryo bw’agateganyo, ibi bigo kandi bikaba bikomeje n’inzira yo kwandikisha imiti yabyo mu bihugu bitandukanye. 

Kubera ingaruka z’indwara zitandura (EIDs) ndetse n’ubwiyongere bwazo bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, ubucucike bw’abantu ndetse n’ubuhunzi, ibigo byinshi bizakenera kongera imbaraga mu bushakashatsi ndetse no gushora cyane muri bwo mu rwego rwo kurwanya izi ndwara ndetse no gushaka ibisubizo. Ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere bikunda guhura n’indwara zitandura nka Ebola, Marburg virus and Lassa fever izi ndwara ziba zikeneye Inkingo ndetse n’imiti byihuse.  

Ibyo wamenya kuri Access to Medicine Index

Access to medicine index ni icyegeranyo gikora ubushakashatsi ku bigo bikomeye 20 bikora imiti y’indwara zikomeye cyane cyane izibasira ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere. Ibikurikiranya hagendewe imbaraga n’ubushake bashyira mu gutanga imiti, ikagaragaza aho byakozwe neza, ahakenewe imbaraga ndetse naho gukosorwa. Icyegeranyo kigirwamo uruhare n’abashoramari barenga 134, bafite imitungo ikabakaba muri USD 21 trillion. Gisohoka buri myaka ibiri ku nkunga ya Access to Medicine Foundation.