Kuwa 10 Werurwe 1876, ni bwo bell yavuganye na Watson Thomas kuri telefone, aho yamubwiye ngo” Mr Watson, come here, I want to speak to you”. Menya amateka y’ingenzi yagiye aranga impindura matwara ya telefone kuva kuri telefone yajyaga kuzura icyumba kugera kuri telefone benshi dutunze zijya mu kiganza kimwe.
Ku munsi nk'uyu
ni bwo umuntu wa mbere yavugiye kuri telefone bwa mbere, kuwa 10 Werurwe 1876
nibwo lexander Graham Bell yicaye
mu cyumba ahamagara Thomas Watson agira ati”
Mr Watson, come here, I want to speak to you ”.
Umushinga wa
Bell watangiye ubwo yari arimo gushaka gukora udukoresho twinshi tw'igikoresho cya telegraph
cyakoreshwa mu ugutumana ariko hakoreshejwe inyandiko gusa (messages), aha
uyu mugaba yabwiye inshuti ze ndetse n'abo mu muryango we ko ashaka telegraph
ishobora kohereza ubutumwa bwinshi icyarimwe, aha niho byatangiriye ubwo umwe
muri bene wabo yumvaga igitecyerezo cye yaje gufata amafaranga macye mu rwego rwo kumutera inkunga.
Icyari
gihari ni uko Bell uyu mushinga wamunaniye gusa ntiyatsindwa ubwo we n'inshuti ye
Thomas Watson baje gukomeza
bagerageza nibwo uyu mugabo Bell yibutse ko mu mpeshyi yari ishize yari afite
umushinga wo kubaka agakoresha gashobora gufata ijwi rya muntu kakarinyuza
mu mashanyarazi kakarijyana kure.
Nyuma yo
kwibaza ibi uyu mugabo yahise afata ya mfashanyo yari yahawe yo kubaka telegraph
iteye imbere ahita atangira kuyikoresha akora ku mushinga wa kano gakoresho yari
yizeye ko kazajya gatwara ijwi rya muntu kakarivana mu mwanya umwe kakarijyana
mu wundi aha hari mu mwaka wa 1875.
Umushinga wari watangiye gukorwa ahagana mu 1874 ariko ugakomeza kugenda usa n'udindira waje kugera mu 1875 Thomas na Bell bakomeza gukora cyane. Nyuma Bell yaje guhura n'uwitwa Joseph Henry yumva igitecyerezo cya Bell aragikunda amuha amagambo amutera imbaraga ndetse n'inyunganizi ashingiye ku kuntu yumvaga umushinga we ari mwiza.
Gusa wibuke Bell yari afite abantu bamuhaye amafaranga yo gukora
telegraph ikora mu buryo bwinshi, umwe muri bo yari Gardiner Green Hubbard wari
mwene wabo gusa uyu ntabwo yari aziranye na Joseph Henry ibi byatumye aba baterankunga bose nta n'umwe umenya ikiri kujya mbere neza kuko Hubbard yari azi ko Bell
ari kubaka telegraph.
Kuryama kuri Bell kuva mu 1875-1876 byabaye inzozi kuri we hamwe na Thomas kugeza
bageze ku muhigo. Ibi byose babikoreye muri laboratwari na n'ubu yabaye ubukombe
aho yitiriwe iki cyogere cyagize uruhari ndetse n'ubwitange mu gukora iki cyuma
ngurukana butumwa benshi dusigaye twita ubuzima bwacu.
Ese telefone yakozwe bwa mbere
yakoraga gute?
Bell yatangiye kubona ko igitecyerezo cye cyo gukora igikoresho gifata ijwi ry'umuntu kikarishyira mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bishoboka igihe yari arimo gukora kuri telegraph. Ahagana mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1875 ni bwo yatangiye kumva ibicuro by'uko umushinga wabo wakunze.
Ahagana mu ntangiriro za 1876 Bell na Thomas bakomeje kubona ko bazatsinda urugamba batangiye ni bwo ku wa 10 Werurwe 1876, Bell yari ari mu cyuma kimwe niko gukoresha cya gikoresho bari barakoze twe twaje kumenya nka telefone aterura ijwi ahamagara Thomas agira ati” Mr Watson, come here, I want to speak to you”. Aya ni nayo magambo ya mbere yavugiwe kuri telefone bwa mbere.Ubundi uko telefone zikora magingo aya ntabwo bihabanye n'uko byahoze kuko byose inzira bikoramo zirajya gusa n'uko ubu bisa n'ibyateye imbere cyane kurusha cyera , ni ukuvuga ubundi umuntu iyo avugira kuri telefone ubwayo iba yifitemo agakoresho gashobora gutuma ifata ijwi ikarijyana mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi ariko bukaba buri mu mibare ariyo 0 na 1 noneho nyuma rikagenda rinyuze mu cyo twakwita umuyobora ari wo ugizwe n'iminara ndetse n'icyo twakwita ibiro by’itumanaho bakabanza bakareba niba uhamagaye abyemerewe.
Iki kiciro
iyo kirangiye bahita bafata bwa butumwa butambuka bukagera ku munara w'ahantu
umuntu uhamagawe aherereye byahagera umunara ugafata bwa butumwa ukabujyana kuri
telefone y'uhamagawe, iyo bigeze kuri iyi telefone y'uhamagawe hari igikoresho
nacyo gihita gifata rya jwi rije riri mu buryo bwa 0 na 1 kikarihindura mu buryo
bw'ijwi risanzwe gusa ibi biba mu gihe gito cyane.
Menya iterambere ryagiye riba uko
imyaka yagendaga itambuka
1876: Muri uyu mwaka ni bwo lexander Graham Bell yatsinze igitego uwo bita Elisha Gray nawe wari ufite umushinga wo gukora telefone bwa mbere. Muri uyu mwaka ni bwo umuntu wa mbere yavugiye kuri telefone mu mateka y’Isi.
1879: Iki gihe nibwo abantu batangiye kujya
bahamagara buri wese afite nimero imwanditseho
1888: Hammond V. Hayes iki gihe nibwo
yavumbuye batiri izajya ikoreshwa muri buri telefone byaje bisimbura iby'uko
bakoraga zicometse gusa nabwo ntibyamaraga akanya kanini ariko byari
byisumbuyeho ku buryo bari basanzwe bakoresha.
1962: Uyu mwaka nibwo icyogajuru cya mbere cy'itumanaho cyagiye mu isanzure kandi iyi niyo yaje ari intwaro ikomeye
mu itumanaho rishingiye kuri telefone,
1973: Muri uyu mwaka ni bwo ikigo cya
Motorola cyakoze telefone ya mbere ngendanwa dore ko iza mbere zabaga ari ibintu
biteretse ahantu hamwe.
Src: mitel.com, debusinessed.com...
TANGA IGITECYEREZO