Uko Koreya ya Ruguru yatandukanye na Koreya y’Amajyepfo n'impamvu birebana ay'ingwe

Nyamara, amateka y’ibi bihugu byombi ashingiye ku buryo byatandukanyijwe ku buryo bw’amategeko mu kinyejana cya 20 nyuma y’ibitero byo guhangana n’ubukoloni bw’abayapani ndetse n’ingaruka z’intambara y’isi ya Kabiri.

Muri Koreya mbere y’1945 duhereye mbere y’ikinyejana cya 20, Koreya yari igihugu kimwe gituwe n’abantu bafite umuco n’indangagaciro bisangiye. Iki gihugu cyagendaga kinyuzwa mu bwami butandukanye. 

Ubwo bwami bwagiraga amazina, dusangamo ubwami bwa Goguryeo, Silla, Goryeo, na Joseon. Iyi myaka y’ubwami, Igihugu cyari gifite politiki yo kwigira bigatumaga gisa n’ikirangwaho amahoro n’ubworoherane.

Hanyuma mu gihe cy’ubukoloni mu mwaka wa 1910, Koreya yigaruriwe n’u Buyapani, maze ihinduka amatware yabo. Abayapani bakoresheje politiki yo guca umuco wa Koreya, gusoresha birenze urugero no gufata abakozi b’abanyakoreya nk’abacakara. 

Abaturage bo muri Koreya bakoze imyigaragambyo ikomeye y’ubwigenge nko muri Mata 1919, ariko birabagora cyane kubera gucibwa intege n’ibihugu bikomeye by’amahanga byari bifatanyije n’u Buyapani. Koreya yageze ku bwigenge mu 1945 nyuma y’itsindwa ry’u Buyapani mu Ntambara y’Isi ya Kabiri.

Koreya y’amajyepfo na Koreya y’amajyaruguru byatandukanye mu 1945. Byagenze gute?

Nyuma yo gutsinda intambara, Amerika na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti bemeranyije kugabanya Koreya ku murongo wa 38° wo ku ikarita y’isi nk’igisubizo cy’agateganyo. Iyi gahunda yari igamije kwimura ingabo z’Abayapani, ariko yaje kuba intandaro y’ibibazo by’igihe kirekire.

Icyo gihe Koreya ya Ruguru yashyizwe mu maboko y’Abasoviyeti, ishyigikira igitekerezo cya politiki ya gisosiyalisiti. Kim Il-sung yaje gushyirwa ku mwanya w’ubuyobozi, ahindura Koreya ya Ruguru igihugu kigendera ku bitekerezo bishimangira ukwigenzura mu nzego zose z’abagize igihugu.

Icyo gihe Koreya y’Amajyepfo yo yashyizwe mu maboko ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ishyiraho ubuyobozi bw’igihugu kigendera ku mahame ya demokarasi n’ubukungu buhamye. Syngman Rhee yabaye umuyobozi wa mbere, ashyira imbere iterambere ry’ubukungu n’ubwisanzure.

Aho byaje gukomerera rero, ni igihe habaga intambara ya Koreya yavuye mu 1950 igeza mu 1953. Mu mwaka wa 1950, Koreya ya Ruguru yateye Koreya y’Amajyepfo ishaka kuyihuza ku ngufu kugira ngo ishyireho ubutegetsi bumwe bushingiye ku mahame ya gisosiyalisiti nk’uko bari barayakomoye mu kuyoborwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyete wagereranya n’u Burusiya bw’iki gihe. 

Iyi ntambara yahuruje amahanga, aho Amerika n’Abanyaburayi bafashaga Koreya y’Amajyepfo, mu gihe Ubushinwa n’Abasoviyeti bashyigikiraga Koreya ya Ruguru.

Ibyavuye mu ntambara ni uko yarangiye nta n’umwe utsinze nta n’utsinzwe bisesuye, kandi nta masezerano y’amahoro yashyizweho umukono. Ibi byasize Koreya mu nkubiri yo kugabanywamo ibihugu bibiri, harimo n’umurongo witwa Demitiyalayizedi Zone (Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)), ugena urubibi hagati yabyo kugeza magingo aya. Uko niko icyari igihugu kimwe cyahindutse bibiri bitanarebana neza!.

Nyuma y’Intambara, Koreya ya Ruguru yashimangiye ubuyobozi bwa Kim Il-sung n’abasimbura be (Kim Jong-il na Kim Jong-un), ikaba yaragiye ikorera mu bwisanzure buke. Yibanze cyane ku bijyanye n’ingufu za gisirikare, cyane cyane ku bikoresho bya kirimbuzi, ariko ubukungu bw’igihugu muri rusange busigara aharindimuka.

Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, Abaturage ba Koreya ya Ruguru babaho mu buzima buteye gutya: Nta bwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo, kandi bagenzurwa cyane n’ubutegetsi ukanongeraho ubukene. Amakuru avuga ko abaturage benshi bahura n’ibibazo by’ibiribwa, ndetse hakaba n’ibihano bikarishye ku bagerageza gutoroka igihugu.

Mu gihe ibyo ari byo byibereye ruguru, Koreya y’Amajyepfo yo yateye imbere byihuse mu bukungu no mu ikoranabuhanga, ishingiye ku mahame ya demokarasi n’isoko rusange.

Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, abaturage ba Koreya y’Amajyepfo bafite ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo, bafite uburezi bugezweho, serivisi z’ubuvuzi, kandi igihugu gifite ikoranabuhanga rihambaye cyane, zimwe mu ngero twavuga inganda nka Samsung na Hyundai ubu zamaze kuba kimenyabose ku isi hose!

Koreya y’epfo, yabaye igicumbi cy’iterambere ku rwego rw’isi, ndetse iba umuyobozi mu nzego zitandukanye nka tekinolojiya, umuco (nka K-pop), n’ubucuruzi.

Mu by’ukuri Koreya y’amajyaruguru n’iy’amajyepfo biva inda imwe. Hari byinshi bibahuza ariko nanone hakaba na byinshi bibatandukanya

Duhereye ku bibahuza,ibi bihugu byombi bisangiye umuco wa Koreya, harimo ururimi, indangagaciro zishingiye ku nyigisho z’umufilozofe witwaga Komfishiyasi (Conficious),ndetse bagahurira nanone kucyo twakwita umuryango wa Koreya.

Abaturage benshi bo muri ibyo bihugu uko ari bibiri, bifuza kwihuza, cyane cyane imiryango yatandukanyijwe n’intambara.

Ibyo batandukaniyeho ni byinshi duhereye ku bukungu aho Koreya y’Amajyepfo ifite ubukungu buteye imbere ku rwego rw’isi, mu gihe Koreya ya Ruguru yibasiwe n’ubukene bukabije.

Politiki: Koreya ya Ruguru igendera ku mahame ya gikomunisiti, naho Koreya y’Amajyepfo igendera ku mahame ya demokarasi.

Imibereho: Koreya y’Amajyepfo yateye imbere mu ikoranabuhanga no mu bumenyi, mu gihe Koreya ya Ruguru igengwa n’ingoma y’igitugu.

Ubukungu: Koreya y’Amajyepfo ni ubukungu bwa 10 ku isi mu gihe Koreya ya Ruguru ishingiye ku nkunga n’ibihano byinshi by’amahanga.

Ubuzima bw’abaturage: Mu gihe muri Koreya y’Amajyepfo abaturage bafite serivisi z’ubuvuzi ku rwego rwo hejuru, muri Koreya ya Ruguru abaturage benshi batarabona amahirwe yo kwivuza bikwiye.

Uburezi ho ni urucabana! Koreya y’Amajyepfo ifite uburezi bugezweho n’amahirwe yo kwiga mu makaminuza mpuzamahanga, naho muri Koreya ya Ruguru uburezi bukoreshwa mu gucengeza amatwara ya politiki.

Nubwo Koreya ya Ruguru na Koreya y’Amajyepfo zitandukanye cyane mu nzego nyinshi, abaturage b’ibi bihugu bagifite umubano ushingiye ku mibanire ya kera. 

Hari imiryango yatandukanyijwe n’intambara ikomeza guharanira guhura n’ababo baburanye. Nubwo bimeze bityo, guverinoma y’ibihugu byombi ikomeza kugira imyumvire itandukanye:

Abaturage ba Koreya y’Amajyepfo, benshi muri bo babona Koreya ya Ruguru nk’igihugu cyasigaye inyuma mu iterambere, ariko bakaba bifuza ubwiyunge bushobora gusubiza igihugu ku murongo umwe.

Abaturage ba Koreya ya Ruguru, benshi babaho bazi amakuru macye ku bijyanye n’imibereho ya Koreya y’Amajyepfo kubera uguhishwa kw’amakuru. Icyakora, abatorotse igihugu bagaragaza ko bafite inyota yo kumenya ibibera hanze.

Utereye amaso ejo hazaza, Guhuza Koreya ya Ruguru na Koreya y’Amajyepfo bikaba igihugu kimwe bihura n’inzitizi zikomeye zishingiye ku miyoborere, ubukungu, n’imibereho y’abaturage. 

N’ubwo ibiganiro bihari, umutekano w’akarere uguma mu kaga kubera ikibazo cya kirimbuzi no kudahuza mu mahame ya politiki. Nyamara, icyizere cy’uko umuco usangiwe ushobora kuba urufunguzo rw’ubwiyunge kiracyahari.

Umwanditsi: Rwema Jules Roger