Abadipolomate birukanwa bate, hakurikiraho iki? Uko amategeko mpuzamahanga abisobanura

Kuri uyu wa Mbere tariki 17 Werurwe, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyize hanze itangazo ivuga ko yahagaritse umubano wayo n'u Bubiligi mu bya dipolomasi, inategeka Abadipolomate b’iki gihugu kuba bavuye ku butaka bwarwo mu gihe kitarenze amasaha 48.

U Rwanda rwavuze ko rwafashe uyu mwanzuro nyuma yo kubyigana ubushishozi mu ngeri zose, bitewe n’imyitwarire y'u Bubiligi ya gikoloni.

Nk’uko byari byategetswe, aba badipolomate bagombaga guhita bashaka uko bava mu Rwanda bakagenda kuko nta tegeko ribarengera ryatuma bakomeza kuba mu Rwanda kandi barabirukanye.

Iyirukanwa ry’abadipolomate rishingiye cyane ku Masezerano ya Vienna ajyanye n’Imibanire ya Dipolomasi yo mu mwaka wa 1961 [Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961] akaba ari yo shingiro ry’amategeko agenga umubano hagati y’ibihugu.

Ayo masezerano agaragaza uburenganzira n’inshingano by’abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu mahanga, anatanga uburenganzira bwo gutangaza abadipolomate nka ‘persona non grata’ (abatemerewe muri icyo gihugu).

Ingingo ya 9 y’aya masezerano, niyo isobanura neza ‘persona non grata’ aho igihugu cyemerewe gutangaza umudipolomate ko batakimwifuza kigasaba ko asubizwa mu gihugu cye cyangwa se agakurwa mu nshingano.

Kidasabwe ibisobanuro, Igihugu runaka gishobora kwanga umudipolomate cyangwa se abandi bakorana n’abadipolomate bakaba babanga batari bagera mu gihugu cyangwa se bari mu gihugu bakoreramo inshingano zabo ku buryo bashobora guhita basubizwa iwabo akazi kabo kagakorwa n’abandi.

Mu gihe igihugu cyohereje uwo mudipolomate kinaniwe kubahiriza ku gihe ibyo cyasabwe n’ikindi gihugu bigendanye n’ingingo ya mbere, icyo gihugu kindi gifite uburenganzira bwo kwanga uwo mudipolomate.

Ingingo ya 41 y’amasezerano ya Vienna ajyanye n’Imibanire ya Dipolomasi yo mu mwaka wa 1961, ivuga ko umudipolomate agomba kubaha no kugendera ku mategeko y'Igihugu akoreramo akazi kigenderaho.

Agace ka mbere k’iyi ngingo, kagira gati “Hadashingiwe ku burenganzira bwihariye n’ubudahangarwa bwabo, abantu bose bahabwa ubwo burenganzira n’ubudahangarwa bagomba kubahiriza amategeko n’amabwiriza by’igihugu kibakira. Nanone, bagomba kwirinda kwivanga mu miyoborere y’imbere muri icyo gihugu.”

Intumwa ya dipolomate ntiyemerewe gukora imirimo y’ubucuruzi cyangwa iy'umwuga igamije inyungu ze bwite mu gihugu akoreramo ubutumwa bwe.

Iyo ibihugu bibiri bidafitanye umubano, nta badipolomate babihagarariye ku mugaragaro bahaba kandi iyo umudipolomate atari mu gihugu ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, nta burinzi bw’amategeko mpuzamahanga aba afite.

Ingingo ya kabiri y’amasezerano ya Viena ajyanye n’Imibanire ya Dipolomasi yo mu mwaka wa 1961, ivuga ko "Ishyirwaho ry’umubano wa dipolomasi hagati y’ibihugu, ndetse n’ishyirwaho ry’intumwa za dipolomasi, bikorwa ku bwumvikane bw’impande zombie (Igihugu cyakira umudipolomate n’iimutanga)."

Amasezerano ya Loni yo mu mwaka wa 1945, ingingo ya 2(1) & (4), Ashimangira ubusugire bw’ibihugu no kuba umubano wa dipolomasi ari ubushake bw’ibihugu ubwabyo.

Amasezerano ya Vienna ingingo ya 2, Ihame ry’Ubwigenge bw’Ibihugu n’amasezerano ya Loni, bigaragaza ko iyo nta mubano wa dipolomasi uhari, nta mudipolomate wemewe uba uhari.