Intambara z’ahazaza zizarwanwa na ‘Robots’, muri 2024 buri gihugu kizaba gitunze ‘Drones’ zirasa Missiles.Igice cya II

Iyaduka rya ’Robots’ za gisirikare riri kwihuta cyane. Ubwo Amerika yateraga muri Iraq muri 2003, yakoreshaga igisirikare gisanzwe mu kirere ikitabaza Drones, hasi ku butaka  nta Robots zahakoreshwaga. 

Ikinyamakuru le Monde gitangaza ko mu mpera za 2004, Robots 150 zahise zijyanwa ku rugamba. Muri 2008 umubare wari wazamutse cyane kugeza kuri Robots 12.000 zo mu bwoko 12 butandukanye. Kugeza ubu mu bihugu Amerika ifitemo ingabo nka Iraq na Afghanistan, ikoresha Drones zirenga 7000 zo mu bwoko bugezweho bwa Predator na Reaper, mu mazi bagakoresha’ MQ-8 Fire Scout’,  drones  zo mu bwoko bwa kajugujugu zifasha mu butasi, gufasha mu bitero byo mu kirere ndetse no kunganira ingabo zo mu mazi no ku butaka kubasha kumenya neza aho umwanzi ari. Igisirikare cya Amerika kirwanira ku butaka(US Army )gifite gahunda yo  kugabanya ingabo zayo , ikongera Robots mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibyihebe.

KANDA HANO USOME IGICE CYA MBERE CY'IYI NKURU

Ku butaka, Amerika ikoresha Robots zigera kuri 12.000 ziganjemo izikorwa na iRobot nka iRobot 510 PackBot, zikoreshwa ahari urugamba rukomeye, mu gutegurura ibisasu, kumenya ahari intwaro z’ubumara n’iza  kirimbuzi(chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear detection).

Nubwo akenshi iyo havuzwe umwaduko n’ikoreshwa rya Robots mu gisirikare, hakoreshwa ingero zigaruka kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, CNN itangaza ko nibura bihugu 87 biri gukoresha iri twakwita nk’iterambere mu bya gisirikare. Iki kinyamakuru cyabitangaje mu nkuru cyahaye umutwe ugira uti’ The future of war will be robotic’ yo ku wa 23 Gashyantare 2015. Mu bifite umuvuduko kurusha ibindi havugwamo Ubwongereza n’Ubushinwa. Afurika y’Epfo nicyo gihugu cyo muri Afurika kivugwaho gutunga nacyo ‘Robots’ za gisirikare. Si ibihugu gusa kuko n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro nayo yatangiye gukoresha Robots mu ntambara. Muri iyo harimo umutwe wa ISIS . Muri 2015, impande zari zihanganye muri Ukraine  nazo zakoreshaga Robots na drones  ku rugamba.

Ikoreshwa rya’Robots’ rirasa naho riri mu ntangiriro. Ibi tubigereranyije no mu myaka 100 ishize, izi Robots zagereranywa n’iyaduka rya  Bristol TB 8, indege ya mbere y’intambara yabayeho cyangwa se Mark I, ikimodoka cy’intambara  benshi bita igifaru cyakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu ntambara.Uko bigaragara ahazaza haduhishiye byinshi. Izi robots ziri gukorwa ubu zizakomeza guhindurirwa imitere n’imikorere, zirushaho guhabwa imbaraga n’ubushobozi bwinshi.

Ahazaza h’igisirikare cyo mu mazi cya Amerika, si ugukoresha gusa Robot yitwaje intwaro ku butaka ahubwo harateganywa ko igomba no kuba yifitiye drone ntoya cyane yayo yikoreshereza. CNN itanga urugero rwa PD-100 Black Hornet ipima garama 18. Iyi izajya ifasha igisirikare cyo mu mazi kubasha kuneka ba mudahusha n’ahandi hose umwanzi ari. Indi drone ishobora kuzajya ikoreshwa na robots zo mu mazi ni Zephyr, ipima m22 igakoreshwa n’imirasire y’izuba, ishobora kumara mu kirere iminsi 11.

MQ-8 Fire Scout, drone  yo mu bwoko bwa kajugujugu ifasha mu butasi, gufasha mu bitero byo mu kirere ndetse no kunganira ingabo zo mu mazi no ku butaka

Mu minsi izaza, Robot nk'iyi nizo zizajya zoherezwa ku rugamba

Mu minsi izaza intambaza izajya ihuza Robots ku butaka, mu mazi, mu kirere no mu isanzure

Tariki 6 Nyakanga 2016, Lieutenant General Andrey Grigoriev,  umuyobozi mukuru wa gisirikare mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga w’u Burusiya yatangarije ikinyamakuru RIA Novosti ko mu minsi izaza abasirikare bagomba gusimburwa na Robots. Kubwa Grigoriev asanga  mu gihe kizaza intambaza izajya ihuza Robots ku butaka, mu mazi, mu kirere no mu isanzure, akongeraho ko iminsi y’abasirikare basanzwe ku rugamba ibaze.

Andrey Grigoriev yagize ati “ Ndabona hari gukorwa Robots nyinshi z’intambara(a greater robotization). Mubyukuri mu gihe kizaza, intambara izajya iba irimo imashini n’abazirwanisha aho kuba abasirikare barasana. Zizajya ziba ari Units za Robots zihambaye zizajya zihanganira ku butaka , mu kirere , mu mazi no munsi yayo ndetse no mu isanzure.”  

Grigoriev  yongeyeho ko abasirikare bazahindurwa abakoresha izi mashini aho kujya ku rugamba. Ibi ikinyamakuru RT cyabyanditse mu nyandiko cyahaye umutwe ugira uti ‘War machine: Robots to replace soldiers in future, says Russian military’s tech chief’ yo ku wa 6 Nyakanga 2016.

Mu rwego rwo gukora Robots zikoresha ubwazo, OPK ,igice cy’uruganda rwa  Rostec arms corporation yakoze software yitwa’ Unicum’ ishyirwa muri Robots za gisivili cyangwa iza gisirikare kuburyo izongerera ubwenge bwakozwe na muntu(artificial intelligence).Ibi bizajya bizifasha kwikoresha no kwiyobora mu bikorwa bikomeye zibyifashijemo. Unicum (biva ku ijambo ry’ikiratini, bisobanuye umwe gusa), izajya ifasha Robots zigera nibura ku 10 gutanga inshingano, guhitamo umuyobozi wazo no guha inshingano ku rugamba  buri Robot. Uretse kubasha gufasha Robots gukora ku rugamba, Unicum izajya inasaba ko izatari gukora zasimbuzwa. Unicum ishobora gushyirwa muri Robot iyo ariyo yose yaba ikorera ku butaka, mu mazi cyangwa mu kirere.

Kugira ngo ubashe kubona neza ishusho y’igisirikare cy’ahazaza, muri 2005, mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo WinterGreen Research, bwagaragaje ko isoko rya Robots za gisirikare muri Amerika gusa rizava kuri miliyari eshatu na miliyoni magana abiri z’amadorali y’Amerika ryariho muri 2014 rigere kuri  miliyari icumi na miliyoni Magana abiri z’amadorali ya Amerika mu mwaka wa 2021(Tuyashyize mu gaciro k’amanyarwanda muri iki gihe yaba ari 8.160.000.000.000). Ni ukuvuga ko mu myaka 7 gusa, amafaranga iki gisirikare gishora muri uyu mushinga azikuba inshuro 3.

Mu myaka 10 buri gihugu kizaba gitunze ‘Drones’ zirasa ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa ‘Missiles’

Mu nkuru ikinyamakuru Defense One cyahaye umutwe ugira uti’ Every Country Will Have Armed Drones Within 10 Years’ yo muri Gicurasi 2014, bagaragazamo uburyo nibura muri 2024 buri gihugu kizaba gitunze Drones za gisirikare kandi zishobora kurasa ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa ‘Missiles’. Izi Drones ngo zizajya zifashishwa mu kurasa ahantu runaka(targeted killings), mu kurwanya ibyihebe, mu kurasaba abantu barwanya Leta runaka,…Umwanditsi akomeza ahamya ko ibi Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ntacyo zakora ngo zibihindure. Noel Sharkey, umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Sheffield mu bijyanye na Robots yatangaje ko mu gihe Ubushinwa buzaba butangiye gucuruza Drones mu bindi bihugu, ko ikoranabuhanga ryazo ritazatinda gukwira ku isi hose kuburyo kubwe imyaka 10 ihagije.

Muri 2024, Drone nkiyi zizaba zitunzwe na buri gihugu

Imyaka 10 kandi Noel Sharkey  ayihuriaraho na Sam Brannen,umusesenguzi mu bya Drones muri Center for Strategic and International Studies muri gahunda y’umutekano mpuzamahanga muri Amerika. Brannen avuga ko mu myaka nibura 5 buri gihugu kizaba kimaze kugira UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle), izina uzakunda kubona mu nyandiko nyinshi risobanura Drones. Mu myaka 10, Brannen avuga ko aribwo nibura buri gihugu kizaba kimaze kugira Drones zirasa kure zo mu bwoko bwa MQ-9 Reaper.

“Buri gihugu cyose gifite  indege za gisirikare, kizashobora no gutunga UAV” aya ni amagambo ya Mary Cummings, umwarimu muri Duke University akaba yaranahoze ari umu pilote mu gisirikare cya Amerika. Defense One ikomeza ivuga ko bitazasaba buri gihugu kugira ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora Drone kuko Ubushinwa bwatangaje ko bugiye gutangira guhangana n’Abanyamerika ndetse na Israel byari bisanzwe biyoboye ikorwa rya Drones.

Tariki 19 Mata 2014 nibwo igikomangoma Salman bin Abdulaziz wo muri Arabia Saudite yahuye na Lt. General Wang Guanzhong ukuriye ingabo z’Ubushinwa basinyana amasezerano yo gukorana drones. Ibi Ubushinwa bwabikoze mu gihe Amerika yari yaranze gutanga iri koranabuhanga ku kindi gihugu icyo aricyo cyose kugeza no kubyo bakorana byahafi.

Ibi bice byombi by’iyi nkuru ni ishusho ikugaragariza uko ikorwa n’ikoreshwa rya Drones na Robots mu gisirikare bihagaze. Inkuru nkizi tuzitegura tugendeye kubyo abasomyi badusaba. Niba nawe ufite indi ngingo wumva twazagarukaho mu nkuru zacu zitaha, watwandikira kuri info@inyarwanda.com