Uko imyitwarire myiza y'ababyeyi ifasha umwana kuzaba indashyikirwa

Kurera umwana muri iki gihe cya none bifite ingorane nyinshi kurusha uko byahoze. Hagati y’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, imihindagurikire y’imico mvamahanga, n’ubwisanzure bwiyongera, hari ukuri kudashobora guhinduka: abana bigira ku byo babona.

Nk’umubyeyi, imyitwarire yawe, indangagaciro zawe, n’amahitamo yawe y’ibyo ukora buri munsi, byubaka ejo hazaza h’umwana wawe.

InyaRwanda.com, yiyemeje gufasha ababyeyi kuba icyitegererezo cyiza ku bana babo, kugira ngo babashe kwigana indangagaciro zibafasha gukura neza muri iyi si iri mu mpinduka zihuse.

Impamvu ababyeyi bagomba kuba Icyitegererezo ku bana babo

Abana ni abantu bitwararika bikomeye; bamenya imyitwarire, imyifato n’indangagaciro ahanini biturutse ku babyeyi babo. Ubushakashatsi bwa Harvard University’s Center on the Developing Child, bwerekana ko uburyo abana bahura n'ababyeyi babo mu bwana bigira uruhare runini mu mikurire yabo y’umutima n’ubwenge.

Iyo ababyeyi bigaragaza nk’inyangamugayo, bafite ubupfura, bagaragaza kwihangana no gukurikirana inshingano, abana babo bahita bigana iyo myitwarire.

Umunyamateka akaba n'umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze Prof. Albert Bandura, washyizeho ihame ry’imyigire binyuze mu kureba, avuga ko abana biga imyitwarire binyuze mu kwitegereza, kwigana, no kumenyera ibyo babona. Mu bushakashatsi bwe yaragize ati: "Ibyo abana babona, barabikora. Ibyo abana bumva mu matwi, barabivuga. Ibyo abana bumva mu mutima, barabibika."

Uko umubyeyi yagaragaza Indangagaciro nziza ku bana

Kuba indakemwa: Kugira ngo abana bakure bafite indangagaciro nziza, ababyeyi bagomba kuba Indakemwa. Kugaragaza ukuri n’ubudahemuka mu byo bavuga n’ibyo bakora. Ibi bizamura icyizere kandi bigashinga umusingi w’imyitwarire y’icyitegererezo.

Kugira ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imihangayiko: Guhangana n’ibibazo n’imitongero mu buryo bworoheje kugira ngo bigishe abana kwihangana, bisaba ko ababyeyi baba bafite ubushobozi bwo guhangana nabyo.

Guteza imbere ubumenyi mu buryo buhoraho: Kugaragaza inyota y’ubumenyi no kwerekana ubushake bwo kwiga ku bintu bishya, bikarushaho gushishikariza abana gukunda kwiga no guhangana n’ingorane.

Kugaragaza impuhwe n’urukundo mu mibanire n’abandi: Gufata abandi neza no kubagaragariza impuhwe kugira ngo abana nabo bigireho kubaka umubano mwiza.

Harvard Center on the Developing Child ni ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi giherereye muri Kaminuza ya Harvard, gifite intego yo guteza imbere udushya dushingiye ku bumenyi bw’ubumenyamuntu hagamijwe kuzamura ubuzima, imyigire, n’imyitwarire y’abana, cyane cyane abahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye.

Iki kigo kigamije kugabanya intera iri hagati y’ubushakashatsi n’ibisubizo bifatika kugira ngo kigire uruhare rwiza mu iterambere ry’abana bato ku isi hose.

Porogaramu zishingiye ku bushakashatsi zigaragaza uruhare rw’ababyeyi mu mikurire y’ubwenge n’amarangamutima y’abana. Ingaruka zagaragaye harimo izi zikurikira:

Ihungabana rikomeye (Toxic Stress): Iki kigo cyagiye kigaragaza ingaruka z’ihungabana rikomeye ku iterambere ry’umwana.

Serve-and-Return Interactions: Kugaragaza uburyo bwo kwitaba umwana neza igihe agukeneye, bigira ingaruka nziza ku mikurire y’umwana.

Kubaka umubano uhamye: Kubaka umubano uhamye bituma abana bubaka umusingi mwiza w’ubuzima bwo kwiga no kubaho neza.

Parenting for Lifelong Health (PLH): Gahunda yo gufasha ababyeyi

Parenting for Lifelong Health (PLH) ni gahunda mpuzamahanga igamije gufasha ababyeyi n’abafite inshingano zo kurera mu kurema ibidukikije byizewe kandi birera ku bana babo. Iyo gahunda igamije gukumira ihohoterwa, guteza imbere uburyo bwiza bwo kurera, no guharanira iterambere ryiza ry’abana.

Itanga porogaramu z’uburere zishingiye ku bimenyetso by’ubushakashatsi, ku buntu, kandi zigenewe guhuza n’umuco n’ubukungu bitandukanye, cyane cyane mu bihugu bifite ubushobozi buke. Zimwe mu ntego nyamukuru z’iyi porogaramu ya PLH harimo guteza imbere uburyo bwiza bwo kurera, gukumira ihohoterwa ku bana no gushyigikira iterambere ry’abana

Uruhare rw’Umwanditsi L.R. Knost mu burezi bw’Abana

Umwanditsi w’ibitabo L.R. Knost, umwarimu w’ababyeyi, akaba n'umwe mu bashyigikiye uburyo bwo kurera abana neza, azwi cyane kubera imvugo ye ku bijyanye no kurera abana mu buryo bwiza, bufite urukundo.

Akurikirana igitekerezo cyo kuba abana biga neza cyane binyuze mu kureba no gukurikiza imyitwarire. Azwi kandi kubera ibikorwa bye byo gufasha ababyeyi kubona imfashanyigisho mu kubaka ubwumvikane n’ubushobozi bwo kumva amarangamutima y'abana.

Mu magambo ye bwite, L.R. Knost yagize ati: "Buri munsi, mu buryo bwose buto abana bacu baribaza bati, 'Muranyumva? Murambona? Ndibeshywaho?' Imyitwarire yabo ikunda kugaragaza uko tubibona." Ibi bigaragaza uruhare rukomeye ababyeyi bagira mu gushyigikira no kugaragaza uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n'ibibazo by'amarangamutima ku bana babo.

Dufatanye kubaka Ejo Hazaza Heza

Mubyeyi, hakenewe umusanzu wawe mu rugendo rwo kuba umubyeyi w’indashyikirwa. Abana bakwiriye gusigarana umurage w’ubudahemuka, kwihangana, n’ubushobozi bwo gutsinda ibibazo n'imibanire n’abandi.

Dufatanyirize hamwe kubaka imiryango ikomeye n’ejo hazaza heza—twimakaza indangagaciro nziza mu buzima bwa buri munsi, tubera abana icyitegererezo cyiza mu kubaka ahazaza habo heza.

Imyifato y'ababyeyi igira uruhare mu bikurire n'ahazaza h'abana

Umwanditsi: Yves Shema