Uko ubukoloni bwatumye bamwe mu Banyarwanda baba abenegihugu ba DR-Congo, Uganda n’ahandi

Mu mwaka wa 1884-1885, inama yiswe Inama ya Berlin (Berlin Conference) yatumijwe n’ibihugu by’I Burayi hagamijwe kugabana Umugabane wa Afurika. Icyo gihe, ibihugu bya Afurika byagabanyijwe nta n’umwe mu banyafurika ubigizemo uruhare. U Rwanda, kimwe n’ibindi bihugu byinshi, rwahawe imipaka mishya. Ibice by’Ubwami bw’u Rwanda by'icyo gihe byaragabanyijwe, bimwe bihabwa Congo (DRC), Uganda n’u Burundi.

Kuva icyo gihe kugeza uyu munsi, ingaruka z’icyo kibazo ziracyagaragara aho abaturage bo mu turere twegeranye n’u Rwanda bafite imizi mu muco n’amateka by’u Rwanda, bahuraga n’ibibazo byinshi birimo kwitwa abanyarwanda no gushinjwa gukorana n’u Rwanda ku mpamvu mbi, cyane cyane muri  Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo na Uganda.

Mbere y’uko abazungu bagera muri Afurika, Ubwami bw’u Rwanda bwari bufite imbibi nini zikwirakwira mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Ubutegetsi bw’Abami b’u Rwanda bwari bukomeye kandi bwari bwaratandukanyije u Rwanda n’ibindi bihugu byo mu karere.

I Burayi, ibihugu nk’u Budage, u Bwongereza n'u Bubiligi byafashe umwanzuro wo kugabana u Rwanda n’ibihugu by’ibituranyi. Igihugu cy’u Rwanda cyaje gushyirwa mu maboko y’u Budage, ariko imbibi zarwo zaragabanijwe.

Uduce tumwe two mu burengerazuba twagiye muri DR-Congo (Zaire).

Uduce two mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda two tujya muri Uganda. Naho u Burundi bwo bwabaye igihugu cyigenga gitandukana bidasubirwaho n’ubwami bw’u Rwanda.

 Abaturage baturiye imipaka baje gusanga basigaye mu bihugu bishya bitandukanye n’u Rwanda, nubwo basangaga bafite umuco, ururimi n’amateka ashingiye ku Rwanda. Aba baturage bari bafite imizi mu bwoko bw’Abanyarwanda.

U Budage ni bwo bwa mbere bwakolonizaga u Rwanda kuva mu 1894 kugeza mu 1916. Mu gihe cy’intambara ya mbere y’isi. Icyo gihe, abaturanyi b’u Rwanda mu burengerazuba (Congo) n’amajyaruguru (Uganda) bagiye bashyirwa mu maboko y’abandi bayobozi b’abakoloni.

Nyuma y’intambara ya mbere y’isi, u Bubiligi bwahawe u Rwanda n’u Burundi, na Congo nayo ikomeza kuyoborwa n’Ababiligi. Ibi byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage bari batuye mu mpande zose z’u Rwanda.

Uko ibihe byagiye biha ibindi, abenegihugu bo mu biguhu by'ibituranyi bafite inkomoko mu Rwanda bakomeje gutura mu bihugu byabo nk’uko bari basanzwe bahatuye. Ariko ibihe bimwe na bimwe byagiye biba bibi cyane.

Muri Repubilika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, cyane cyane  muri Kivu y'Amajyaruguru , bahuye n’ibibazo by’ubuhunzi no kwicwa bagashinjwa kuba Abanyarwanda nubwo bahatuye kuva kera, akaba ari na ho bakomoka.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikibazo cy’umutwe wa M23 wagiye uvugwa cyane. Ushinjwa ko ari Abanyarwanda, mu gihe bamwe mu barwanyi bayo ari abenegihugu ba Congo ahubwo bafite inkomoko mu duce twa Kivu bashobora kuba bafite imizi mu Rwanda ishingiye ku mateka maremare y’ubukoloni twavuze haruguru.

Uduce twa Bunyoro na Toro dufite abaturage benshi bafite imizi mu Rwanda. Hari n’abavuga ko bahuye n’ingaruka kubera kutizerwa no gushinjwa kuba Abanyarwanda.

Muri rusange, abaturage ba Uganda bafite inkomoko mu Rwanda bivugwa ko ari bo benshi cyane ugereranije n’abanyecongo bafite inkomoko mu Rwanda.

U Burundi bwo bwagize amateka yihariye y’uko bwabaye igihugu gitandukanye n’u Rwanda nyuma ya Berlin. U Burundi n’u Rwanda byigeze kubaho biyoborerwa hamwe n’Ababiligi mu cyiswe Rwanda-Urundi

Aya mateka yakomeje kuba intandaro y’amakimbirane aho Abanyarwanda n’abafite inkomoko mu Rwanda bakomeza kwibasirwa, bashinjwa kugira uruhare wa politiki cyangwa kubangamira ibihugu by’ibituranyi bafatanyije n' u Rwanda, nubwo mu by’ukuri ari abenegihugu babyo.

Abaturage b’inkomoko nyarwanda bakomeje kwitirirwa u Rwanda bakabuzwa uburenganzira mu bihugu baturiyemo, ari na byo bifite aho bihuriye n’umutekano muke mu bihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda cyane cyane Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.

Hari n'aho abantu bagiye bicwa bashinjwa kuba “abanyarwanda” ku mpamvu za politiki, cyane cyane muri DR-Congo.

Perezida Paul Kagame, ubwo yasobanuraga ku kibazo cy’ibirego by’uko u Rwanda rufite abasirikare muri Congo, yagarutse ku kuba hari ubwoko bw’Abanyarwanda cyangwa se abavuga ikinyarwanda bwakwirakwijwe mu bihugu bihana imbibi. Kandi ko bifite inkomoko mu mateka y'uko imipaka yacagaguwe n’ibihugu by’abakoloni.

Rero, amateka y’imipaka y’u Rwanda yasize abantu benshi bafite imizi mu Rwanda ariko ari abo mu bindi bihugu. Ibi bitera ibibazo bitandukanye, cyane cyane muri Congo na Uganda aho kenshi abaturage bagiye bafatwa nabi kubera inkomoko yabo nk'uko tubikesha inyandiko zitandukanye zivuga ku mateka y'akarere k'Ibiyaga Bigari.

UMWANDITSI: Rwema Jules Roger