Tariki ya 1 Ukwakira, umupaka wa Kagitumba wagabweho igitero cyabaye ikimenyetso cy’itangira ry’urugamba rwamaze imyaka ine nyuma y’uko abari bagize umuryango FPR Inkotanyi biyemeje kubohora igihugu hifashishijwe inzira y’intambara kuko izindi zose Leta yariho yari yarazanze.
Urwo rugamba rwari umusaruro w’imyaka itatu y’imyiteguro, ubwo mu Ukuboza 1987 hashingwaga FPR Inkotanyi imyiteguro y’intambara igatangira, hagashyirwaho inzego z’Umuryango, gahunda y’igihe gito, iy’igiciriritse n’igihe kirekire zirafutuka byose bigamije guhuza Abanyarwanda bose, ab’imbere n’inyuma y’igihugu, Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa.
Impamvu zatumye FPR ishoza intambara zirimo ikibazo cyane cyane cy'irondabwoko (ryibasiye Abatutsi), amacakubiri y’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, konona umutungo w’igihugu n’ikibazo cy’impunzi Guverinoma y’u Rwanda itifuzaga gukemura.
Tariki ya 1 Ukwakira
Mu gitondo cya tariki 1
Ukwakira nibwo ingabo za RPA zinjiye ku mupaka wa Kagitumba. Bivugwa ko icyo
gihe RPA yari ifite abasirikare basaga 3000 batojwe neza mu nzego zose.
Muri icyo gitondo,
paratuni ebyiri za RPA zateye ku mupaka wa Kagitumba ziwufata bitaruhanije
nyuma y’imirwano mito. Uwo munsi saa Kumi, Gen Major Fred Rwigema yavuze ijambo
imbere y’abasirikare bagera kuri 500 bari bahuriye hamwe ku butaka bw’u Rwanda.
Abandi basirikare bari bavuye mu nkambi za gisirikare zinyuranye bari bakigenda
bahurira ahantu hanyuranye ku mupaka w’u Rwanda.
Abo basirikare bari bazi
ko urugamba rugomba ubwitange ndetse ko rutazarangira vuba nk’uko babikekaga.
Umurava wari wose ku
ngabo za RPA zari zinjiye ku butaka gakondo bwa mbere. Icyakora, ibyo byishimo
ntibyamaze kabiri kuko ku munsi wa kabiri w’urugamba, Umugaba Mukuru, Gen Major
Fred Rwigema yishwe n’umwanzi. Byateye icyuho gikomeye mu buyobozi, ndetse
n’umuhate utangira kugabanuka ku basirikare bari basigaye.
Uretse Fred Gisa Rwigema
wishwe arasiwe i Nyabwishongwezi, mu minsi yakurikiyeho harashwe abandi
basirikare bakuru barimo Major Bunyenyezi na Major Bayingana, ubwo bagwaga mu
mutego w’umwanzi i Ryabega.
Nyuma yo gucika intege
kw’aba basirikare kubera urupfu rwa Rwigema, ku wa 20 Ukwakira 1990, Paul
Kagame wari Majoro yavuye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika aho yari ku ishuri
maze akomeza kuyobora urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda.
Paul Kagame amaze
kugaruka, imiterere y’imirwanire yahinduye isura. Imirwanire isanzwe yasimbuwe
n’imirwanire ya kinyeshyamba, urugamba rwimurirwa mu bice by’imisozi miremire
ndetse hashozwa ibirindiro by’imirwano bishya by’umwihariko icyo mu birunga.
Impfu zirimo urwa Fred
Rwigema, urwa Peter Bayingana na Chris Bunyenyenzi nyuma y’ibyumweru bitatu
zafashwe kenshi n’ubutegetsi bw’i Kigali n’inshuti zabyo nk’ingaruka
z’umwiryane mu ngabo za FPR. Ariko si ko byari bimeze.
Ihungabana rya RPA
ryatumye Ingabo z’u Rwanda zifatanije n’izo muri Zaïre ndetse zinashyigikiwe
n’iz’Ababiligi n’Abafaransa zishobora gutsinda urugamba ku buryo ndetse leta
yariho icyo gihe yakoresheje ibirori mu gihugu hose byo kwishimira ko intambara
irangiye.
Igitabo cya Komisiyo
y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge, kivuga ko nyuma y’ingorane zakurikiye urupfu rwa Fred
Rwigema, RPA yabikuyemo isomo, igatangira umurimo wo guhuza inzego za
gisirikare n’iza gisivili, yinjiza abacuruzi n’abashoramari n’abize bari
bakenewe mu nzego zayo, ishyira ingufu mu mashuri ya politiki, ishyiraho
gahunda y’ingendo zo gusura ibirindiro ku babyifuza, inarushaho gutanga amakuru
nyayo ajyanye n’urugamba.
Uko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda
yabyifashemo
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yo
ikimenya iby’igitero cya Kagitumba, yifashe nk’itunguwe nyamara amateka
agaragaza ko n’umuturage usanzwe yari azi ko impunzi zitegura gutera.
Ingengabitekerezo y’irondabwoko rirwanya Abatutsi yahise yongera kubura mu
mbwirwaruhame no mu itangazamakuru ry’u Rwanda bakwirakwiza ko ngo Inkotanyi
ari inyenzi zo mu 1960 ziyuburuye.
U Rwanda rwatangiye
urugamba rwa dipolomasi rwo kwerekana ko rwatewe na Uganda ndetse n’ibihugu
bikoresha Icyongereza bigamije gukuraho ubutegetsi bukoresha Igifaransa mu
Rwanda. Ingabo za Zaïre, u Bubiligi n’u Bufaransa zahise zitabara Habyarimana.
Imbere mu gihugu kandi
hatangiye gushakishwa amayeri n’ibihuha bigamije gutuma Abatutsi bibasirwa,
nk’aho tariki 4 Ukwakira 1990 habeshywe ko Inkotanyi zageze muri Kigali,
Abatutsi basaga ibihumbi icumi bagafungwa. Nyuma abandi Batutsi bagiye bicwa mu
Mutara, Kibilira, Byumba n’ahandi.
Ibihugu bitandukanye
byakomeje guhatira Habyarimana na FPR Inkotanyi ngo bijye mu biganiro, hanyuma
tariki 29 Werurwe 1991 haba ibiganiro bya N’sele muri Zaïre, hanemezwa
amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara hagati y’impande zombi.
Ni amasezerano yasinywe
impande zombi zidahuye imbonankubone, ahubwo babaga bari mu byumba
bitandukanye, abahuza bakaza kuvugisha uruhande rumwe, bakajya no kuvugisha
urundi ibyumvikanyweho bikandikwa.
Nubwo amasezerano
yasinywe, u Rwanda na FPR byakomeje kuregana kuba buri wese atubahiriza ibiri
mu masezerano. Leta ya Habyarimana kandi yahise itangira imbwirwaruhame
zerekana ko ayo masezerano ntacyo amaze.
Tariki 29 Werurwe,
Perezida Habyarimana yagiye kuri Radiyo Rwanda, agaragaza ko umwanzi bamaze
kumutsinda.
Ati “Magingo aya, ku
butaka bw’u Rwanda, nta mwanzi waduteye ukihabarizwa. Nongeye gusubira mu byo
nabwiye abafashe intwaro maze bagatera u Rwanda, kandi nta cyo bizabagezaho,
mbasaba kureka imirwano mu cyubahiro, nta cyo basize inyuma kandi nta rwango,
maze bagashyira intwaro hasi, bagataha mu Rwanda nta cyo bishisha.”
Uwari Minisitiri
w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ari nawe wari uvuye gusinya amaserano ya N’sele, ageze i
Kigali yabwiye RFI ko ibyo FPR yasabye byo kwirukana ingabo z’Abafaransa nta
shingiro bifite.
Hagati ya taliki ya 6
n’iya 8 Kanama 1991, bwa mbere Leta y’u Rwanda na FPR zahuriye hamwe ngo
zishyireho inkingi z’imishyikirano ya politiki bahuriyeho bombi. U Rwanda n’u
Bufaransa byifuzaga ko u Bufaransa buba umuhuza. FPR yanze icyo cyifuzo kuko
uretse ko n’u Bufaransa bwari bwarijanditse mu bibazo by’u Rwanda ariko
ntiyanashakaga ko umuhuza aturuka mu bihugu by’abakoloni.
Perezida Mobutu na
Perezida Nyerere nibo bemejwe nk’abahuza. Imishyikirano yatangiye neza i Arusha
mu kwezi kwa Kamena 1992, iza kurangira tariki ya 4 Kanama 1993.
Ingingo zigize ayo
masezerano zakomeje gutinzwa kuko zasaga n’izigabanya ubushobozi bwa Perezida
Habyarimana n’ishyaka rye, kugeza tariki 6 Mata 1994 ubwo indege ya Habyarimana
yahanurwaga, bigakongeza umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi wari umaze
igihe kinini utegurwa.
FPR Inkotanyi n’ingabo zayo babonye ko nta yindi mpamvu yabuza gutabara abicwaga, itangiza urugamba rwo guhagarika Jenoside rwasojwe tariki 4 Nyakanga 1994 ubwo Leta yayikoraga yaneshwaga, hagatangira inzira yo kubaka u Rwanda rushya rumaze imyaka 30.
TANGA IGITECYEREZO