Uko Amaraso y'Abanyafurika ari imari ishyushye mu buvuzi bugezweho no gukora imiti

Nk'uko tubikesha rfi mu nama ya Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) yabereye mu kwezi gushize i Durban muri Afurika y'Epfo, abahanga mu by’ubuzima batangaje ko gukusanya amakuru y’amaraso y’Abanyafurika ari ingenzi kugira ngo ubuvuzi bw’isi bugere ku rwego rwiza. 

Ambroise Wonkam, umushakashatsi ukomoka muri Kameruni akaba n’umuyobozi w’Umuryango w’Abahanga mu by’Ubuzima bwa Human Genetics muri Afurika, yavuze ko "iyo amakuru y’ubwoko bw’Amaraso y'Abanyafurika adashyizwe mu bushakashatsi, bituma habaho ibibazo mu kumenya indwara zifata Abanyafurika no kuzivura neza".

Icyo abanga n'impuguke mu bushashatsi bagaragaza

Wonkam yagaragaje ubunararibonye bwe ubwo yagiye gukora ubushakashatsi mu Busuwisi aho yasanze isuzuma rimwe ry’umuriro ryatumye bamenya impamvu y’ihindagurika ry’ubumuga n'ibibazo byo kutumva ku bantu 50% bo muri icyo gihugu. Nyamara ubwo yageragezaga gukora ubushakashatsi ku bana bo muri Kameruni na Afurika y’Epfo, basanze nta hantu haba haboneka ibyo byago.

Aimé Lumaka, umwarimu w’ubumenyi bw'iby'amaraso muri Kaminuza ya Kinshasa, yavuze ko "mu bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika, abaturage ntibabona igisubizo cya nyacyo cy’indwara zabo ugereranyije n'ibihugu byo m'Uburayi cyangwa Amerika".

Abashakashatsi bavuga ko gukusanya amakuru ku bwoko bw’Abanyafurika ari ngombwa cyane. Abantu bo muri Afurika, by’umwihariko abaturuka mu bice bitandukanye by’uyu mugabane, bafite ubwoko bwinshi bw’imiterere y'amaraso. 

Michèle Ramsay, umuhanga mu by'amaraso wo muri Afurika y’Epfo, yavuze ko "ibice bitandukanye bya Afurika bigira itandukaniro ry’imiterere y’amaraso hagati yabyo, kandi ibyo bituma gusobanukirwa n’ubuzima bw’abantu bo muri Afurika ari ingenzi kugira ngo haboneke ubushakashatsi bufatika.

Christopher Kintu, umushakashatsi ukomoka muri Uganda akaba ari mu Ishuri Rikuru rya Queen Mary riri i Londres, yagize ati: "Kugeza ubu ubushakashatsi bwibanda ku baturage bo mu bihugu by’iburayi, kuko gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku bantu bo muri Afurika bisaba igihe kinini, imbaraga n’amafaranga menshi". 

Icyakora, ibintu bigenda bihinduka uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, aho mu myaka yashize, gutunganya urugero rw'amaraso rw'umuntu byasabaga imyaka 10 n'amafaranga arenga miliyari 2$, ariko ubu birashoboka mu minsi mike, kandi igiciro kimaze kugabanuka ku kigero kiri munsi ya 1000$.

Gahunda n'ingamba bimaze gufatwa

Hari gahunda zashyizweho mu gufasha iyi gahunda, nk’iyo yitwa Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) yagizweho ingengo y’imari ya miliyoni 176$ kugira ngo ishobore gukora ubushakashatsi mu bihugu bigera kuri 50 muri Afurika mu myaka 10 ishize. 

Icyakora ubu, nk'uko Ambroise Wonkam abivuga, ubushakashatsi buracyakeneye imikoranire myiza hagati y’Abanyafurika n'abashakashatsi bo mu bindi bihugu. Wonkam afite umugambi wo gutangiza amasomo atandukanye muri Afurika ku rwego rwo hejuru, aho ateganya gutunganya ingero 300,000 z’amaraso mu gihe kiri imbere.

Mu gihe hagiye hashyirwaho ibikorwa byinshi byo gukora ubushakashatsi ku rwego rw’akarere, kimwe mu bigamijwe ni ukwirinda ‘ubushakashatsi bw’abanyamahanga’ bwamaze igihe kirekire aho abashakashatsi baturuka mu bihugu bitandukanye batwara amakuru ku buzima bw’Abanyafurika bakayahisha cyangwa bakayagereranya n’andi makuru.

Rizwana Mia, umuyobozi w’umushinga muri Afurika y'Epfo, yavuze ko gahunda nshya igamije kugerageza gutunganya ingero 10,000 ku buryo bwo gushakisha ukuri kuri ubu bwoko bw'amaraso.

Ubushakashatsi n’ingaruka ku miti

Nubwo hari imbogamizi mu bushakashatsi ku byerekeranye n’amaraso muri Afurika, abashakashatsi baracyakomeje gukora ubushakashatsi ku byerekeye virusi nka HIV, aho babonye abantu batandukanye bafite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura HIV batiriwe bakoresha imiti. 

Veron Ramsuran, umushakashatsi wo muri Afurika y’Epfo, yavuze ko "hari abantu bashobora kwandura HIV ntibagirweho n’ingaruka z’iyo virusi". Ibi bigamije kumenya uburyo imiterere y’amaraso y’Abanyafurika ishobora gutuma barwanya indwara zimwe na zimwe nk’uko ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi rigeze ahashimishije.

Ibi byose byerekana ko gukusanya amakuru ku bwoko bw’amaraso bw’Abanyafurika ari ingenzi kugira ngo haboneke ubushakashatsi bushya no gutera imbere mu by'ubuzima bw’abantu.