Zimwe mu ngingo 7 zigaragaza ikoreshwa nabi ry’imiti, ingaruka zabyo n’uburyo byakwirindwa

Hagati ya 25 -75% za antibiyotiki(imiti yica mikorobe zo mu bwoko bwa bagiteri) nazo zikoreshwa nabi ndetse na 95% y’imiti inyuzwa mu nshinge(injections) kandi hakabanjwe kugeragezwa inzira yo kumira(voie orale).

Ni ryari umuti runaka tuvuga ko ukoreshejwe neza?                

Nkuko ishami ry’umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima OMS ryabisobanuye,umuti ukoreshejwe neza ugomba kurangwa n’ibi bikurikira:

1.Umurwayi agomba guhabwa umuti ugendanye n’indwara afite(right patient)

2.Umurwayi agomba gufata urugero nyarwo rw’umuti (right dose)

3.Umurwayi agomba gufata umuti mu gihe yagenewe cyose(adequate period)

4.Umurwayi agomba guhabwa umuti ku giciro cya nyacyo(lowest cost)                      

Bimwe mu bintu biranga ikoreshwa nabi ry’imiti:                                                                      

1.Gufata imiti myinshi icyarimwe(polypharmacy)                                                                            

Bakunzi ba inyarwanda.com,burya si byiza gufatira imiti myinshi icyarimwe,mbere na mbere ugeze kwa muganga biba byiza iyo ubwiye muganga niba hari indi imiti uri gufata kugirango iyo ari bukwandikire itaza kuba izirana cyangwa ihuye niyo ufite.

Ikindi sobanuza umuganga cyangwa umuhanga mu by’imiti(pharmacien) mu gihe urupapuro rwanditseho imiti irenze byibura ine kuko umuti umwe ushobora gutuma ubukana bw’uwundi ubifatana bwiyongera cyangwa bugabanuka ibi bikaba byatera kudakira neza cyangwa kuzahazwa n’ingaruka z’imiti.

2.Gukoresha imiti yica mikorobe nabi( antimicrobials misuse)                                                           

Imiti yica mikorobe ndetse n’utundi dukoko twangiza umubiri irimo amoko menshi bitewe n’ubwoko bwazo:(Antibiotiques,antiprotozoaires,antivirales,antifongiques,antiparasites“ibi tuzabisobanura neza mu isomo ry’ubutaha”)

Banza wisuzumishe mbere yo gufata bene iyi miti,kugirango ufate umuti ugendanye na mikorobe ibonetse mu bizamini watanze.

Wufate mu rugero ndetse no mu gihe cyagenwe ibi bizagufasha gukira neza kuko iyi miti igenda yica udukoko umunsi ku munsi kugeza igihe umubiri wawe ugaruriye ubushobozi bwo kuba wahangana natwo. Iyi miti ntabwo isangirwa cyo kimwe nuko idasagurwa.

Ikindi tugomba gusobanukirwa nuko iyo umuhanga mu by’imiti akubwiye ngo umuti uyu n’uyu uzajya uwufata gatatu ku munsi mu gitondo-saa sita na nijoro bisobanuye ko nyuma ya buri masaha 8 ugomba kuwufata kuko umunsi ugira amasaha 24 wagabanya gatatu ukabona ko ari buri masaha 8,umuti ufatwa 2 ku munsi bishatse kuvuga ko ufatwa nyuma ya buri masaha 12.  

3.Kubura imiti wandikiwe(lack of medicines)                                                                                

Bikunze kugaragara ko umurwayi yandikirwa umuti akaba yawubura muri farumasi ziri mu  mavuriro ya reta ndetse no muri za farumasi zigenga,Hari abarwayi bamwe bahitamo kuwihorera.Inama ihari ni ugusubira kuri muganga akaba yaguhindurira akakwandikira uwo bikora kimwe.

4.Kwandikisha imiti (pressure to prescribe)                                                                                  

Muganga niwe uzi umuti ugendanye n’uburwayi agusanganye. Gutitiriza muganga kukwandikira umuti wifuza biri mu bituma imiti ikoreshwa nabi ndetse hashobora no kuvukamo ubwumvikane buke hagati yawe na muganga.

5.Kwivura,ukiha imiti (Inappropriate self-medication)

Si byiza ko wafata icyemezo cyo kunywa umuti runaka utabanje kugisha inama muganga cyangwa umuhanga mu by’imiti. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwagaragaje ko abantu bamwe bakoresha imiti basaguye cyangwa basabye bagenzi babo,ibi sibyo na gato kuko icy’ibanze ni ukwisuzumisha,ugahabwa umuti nyawo kandi ukamenya nuko ugomba kuwukoresha.

Ibi cyane cyane bigomba kwitonderwa ku bantu bivurira abana,ku bagore batwite cyangwa bonsa bafata imiti batandikiwe na muganga, ku bantu bafite indwara z’impyiko n’umwijima ndetse izindi rwara za karande,ku bantu bageze mu za bukuru,ibi byiciro imiti ishobora kubigiraho ingaruka cyane.

6.Gukoresha  inshinge nyinshi ndetse kenshi (misuse &overuse if injections)

Inshinge ni bumwe mu buryo bunyuzwamo umuti ugahita ukora vuba na vuba kuko umuti wowe uko wakabaye ugera mu maraso nayo agahita awutembereza hose mu mubiri ndetse no mu bice birwaye.Inshinge zikunda gukoreshwa ku bantu barembye, ku bantu bari kuruka cyangwa bafite ikindi kibazo cy’uryungano ngogozi aho imiti yo kunywa ishobora kwangirika,Inshinge kandi zikoreshwa ku bantu bari muri koma(bataye ubwenge) kuko baba batabasha kumira.

Ariko nanone Inshinge zitera ingaruka zitandukanye iyo zikoreshejwe igihe kirekire cyangwa nabi.Izi ngaruka harimo ubumuga bw’ingingo,biroroshye kurenza urugero(overdose),arerigi(allergie),kwandura mikorobe igihe hatabayeho isuku yo ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Inshinge biba byiza iyo zikoreshejwe mu gihe indi nzira yakanyuzemo umuti bigaragaye ko itari kugirira umurwayi akamaro.

7.Ubukene(poverty, miss of health insurance)

Bijya bibaho ko umurwayi bamwandikira umuti akabura ubushobozi bwo kuwigurira bityo akaba yahitamo no kuwureka kuwugura,ibi nabyo biganisha ku kudakoresha imiti neza,inama twe tubagira ni ukugana ubwisungane mu kwivuza(mutuelle de santé) cyangwa kugana andi masosiyete y’ubwishingizi mu kwivuza,kugirango ubwishingizi bukugoboke mu gihe warwaye.

Igiciro cy’umuti kigomba kuba gihura n’icyashizweho hagendewe ku mabwiriza agenga icuruzwa ry’imiti.

Ikindi nuko Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwagaragaje ko igiciro cya “générique” kigabanuka ho 80% ugereranyije nuko “spécialité” igura. Iyo umurwayi yandikiwe cyangwa ahawe umuti uhenze kandi hari mugenzi wawo uhendutse bikora kimwe yagafashe ,burya haba habayeho ikoreshwa nabi ryawo.

Bakunzi ba inyarwanda.com mureke dusenyere umugozi umwe duharanire kugira ubuzima bwiza,twivuze dukire dukurikize inama duhawe, aho dushidikanya dusobanuze, muganga abungabunge ubuzima bw’umurwayi, umuhanga mu by’imiti nawe atange ubusobanuro buhagije ku murwayi.

phn N.Marcel Baudouin