Uko Drones z'intambara zishe abasivile basaga 1000 muri Afurika mu myaka 3

Hagati y' Ugushyingo 2021 n'Ugushyingo 2024, abantu 943, bangana na 74%, biciwe mu bitero by’izo ndege mu bihugu bitandatu byo ku mugabane wa Afurika. Ayo makuru yatumye hibazwa ku ngaruka z’ubu buryo bushya bwo gukora intambara no ku ruhare rw’abatanga izi ntwaro.

Ibihugu byibasiwe cyane n’indege za drone

Raporo yiswe "Death on Delivery" yagaragaje ko mu bihugu nka Sudani, Somalia, Congo, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Mali na Etiyopiya, hakomeje kugaragara ibitero byinshi by’indege za drone bigamije guhashya imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ariko bikangiza cyane abasivile.

Sudani: Ikoreshwa ry’indege za drone ryarazamutse cyane kuva intambara hagati y’igisirikare cya Leta na Rapid Support Forces (RSF) yatangira mu 2023. Ibitero byinshi byibasiye amasoko n’ingo z’abaturage, harimo igitero cyagabwe ku isoko rya Goro muri Nzeri 2023 cyahitanye abantu 46.

Somalia: Amerika ibinyujije muri AFRICOM yakoze ibitero bisaga 250 kuva mu 2021, bigamije kurwanya Al-Shabab. Ariko muri Werurwe 2024, ibitero bibiri ku buhinzi bwa Jaffey no mu mudugudu wa Bagdad byahitanye abasivile 23, bangana na 92% by’abari aho.

Muri Somalia Amerika y'ifashisha Drone mu kugaba ibitero bikaze kuri Al-Shabab

Nigeria: Mu Ukuboza 2023, drone y’igisirikare cyari kigamije kurwanya Boko Haram yagabye igitero mu murwa wa Tudun Biri, Kaduna, mu gihe cy’umunsi mukuru wa Eid Milad an-Nabi. Abasivile 85 barapfuye, barimo abana n’abagore, bakangana na 87% by’abari aho nk'uko tubikesha Aljazeera.

Burkina Faso: Mu kwezi kwa Kanama 2023, drone yagabye igitero mu isoko rya Bouro, ihitana abantu 28. Ibitero nk’ibi bikomeje kongera umutekano mucye mu Ntara ya Sahel.

Mali: Ibirometero bike uvuye Burkina Faso, Mali nayo yakoresheje drones mu ntambara n’imitwe irimo JNIM na ISGS. Raporo igaragaza ko kuva muri 2022, ibitero 19 byahitanye abasivile barenga 120.

Etiyopiya: Leta ya Etiyopiya yakajije igitutu kuri TPLF kuva mu 2022. Igitero cyabaye mu kwa cumi 2022 mu karere ka Oromia, mu gace ka Ofu Bekke, cyahitanye abantu 86, harimo n’abarimo impinja 12. Hagati ya 2022-2023, ibitero by’indege za drone muri Oromia byahitanye abasivile 140.

Abatanga izi ntwaro n’impamvu zibitera

Raporo igaragaza ko ibihugu bikomeye nka Turukiya, Ubushinwa na Iran ari byo bigurisha indege za drone nyinshi muri Afurika. Ayo mahanga atanga izi ntwaro ku giciro gito kandi nta mabwiriza akomeye ku bijyanye n’imikoreshereze yazo.

Nk’uko Cora Morris, umwanditsi w’iyo raporo abivuga, “Drones zigabanya cyane imbogamizi ku ngabo za Leta kuko nta mpungenge z’abasirikare bapfa. Bituma gukoresha ingufu biba byoroshye kurusha uko byari bisanzwe.”

Profesa Michael Spagat wa kaminuza ya Royal Holloway mu Bwongereza yongeraho ko "ubu kugura drones ari uburyo buhendutse bwo kubona intwaro zifite ubushobozi buhambaye." Yongeraho ko bishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye mu gihe n’imitwe itari iya Leta yatangira kuzikoresha.

Ibyo iyi mibare ivuze ku mutekano w’abasivile

Ukurikije ubushakashatsi, kuva mu 2014 kugeza ubu, ibihugu bikoresha drones byavuye kuri bine bigera kuri 48. Ibi bivuze ko ubwicanyi bushobora gukomeza kwiyongera mu gihe hatabayeho amabwiriza mpuzamahanga agenga itangwa n’ikoreshwa ry’izi ntwaro.

Raporo yerekanye ko amasezerano atatu akomeye mpuzamahanga agenga kugurisha izi ntwaro arimo intege nke kuburyo bukabije. Umwanditsi Morris asaba Isi gushyiraho amasezerano mashya agamije kurinda abasivile no guhashya ikoreshwa ridasobanutse rya drones.

Ingaruka z’iyo ntambara nshya y’ikirere kuri Afurika

Mu myaka itatu gusa, ibitero by’indege za drone muri Afurika byahitanye 943, bihitana ku mpuzandengo abantu 26 buri kwezi. Byibuze 65% by’abapfuye bari abasivile badafite aho bahuriye n’intambara. Uko ikoreshwa rya drones ryiyongera, biratanga ishusho y’uko isi ijya mu bihe bikomeye by’intambara zitagira ingabo ziri ku rugamba.

Nk’uko Morris abivuga, "Ubuzima bw’abasivile bwarirengagijwe. gupfa kwabo byabaye nk’ibisanzwe mu mikorere y’intambara z’iki gihe."

Inyungu z’igihugu n’ibihombo kubaturage

Ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika biri gushaka kwigenga mu bya gisirikare. Ariko uko bigenda bikoresha intwaro za drones, ni nako hakomeza kubura ubunyamwuga n’ubushishozi mu gukoresha iri koranabuhanga.

Profesa Spagat asanga “ibi ari intangiriro gusa. Mu myaka mike iri imbere, tuzatangira kumva amakuru y’imitwe yitwaje intwaro nayo itangira gukoresha drones zifite ubushobozi bwo kurasa ibisasu bikomeye.”

Aho Isi ihagaze ku ikoreshwa rya drones

Mu gihe ubucuruzi bw’izi ndege bukomeje kwiyongera ku kigero cya 20% buri mwaka, Isi irasabwa guhagarika uyu murongo wo gukoresha drones mu buryo budakwiriye. Impuguke zisaba ko hashyirwaho igenzura rikomeye mbere y’uko ibintu birushaho kuzamba.

Raporo y’Ikigo Drone Wars UK ikwiye kuba ishyiga ry’inyuma ryo gushyiraho politiki nshya z’ubutumwa bw’amahoro no kurengera ubuzima bw’abasivile muri Afurika n’ahandi ku isi.