Bivugwa ko inkomoko y’ikiremwamuntu ari ku mugabane w’Afurika mu myaka ama miliyoni ishize. Amoko menshi y’abanyafurika ni yo akomokaho ikiremwamuntu. Amwe muri aya moko akiriho muri iki gihe afite uburyo bwihariye abayeho ndetse n’ururimi bavuga ntirusa n’izindi ndimi ziriho muri iki gihe.
N’ubwo abanyaburayi
bagiye bakoloniza ibihugu ayo moko abarizwamo, aya moko yabashije gukomera ku mico yabo ndetse amoko menshi muri aya iby'iterambere cyangwa ikoranabuhanga
riraje ishinga Isi bamwe ntacyo biba bibabwiye ndetse yemwe nta n'inyota yo
kubimenya kuko biba bitabashishikaje. Ni ukuvuga WhatsApp, Instagram ndetse n'ibindi
biri kwigarurira imitima y’abantu b'iyi minsi aya moko amwe ntabiyareba dore ko
amwe muri yo n'iishuli ari nk’igisakuzo cyangwa kera habayeho.
Amoko ari
kuri uru rutonde yose ariho ndetse aracyafite umuco w’abakurambere babo.
7. Massai
Aba Massai bamaze imyaka irenga 3000, baboneka mu Majyepfo ya Kenya no mu Majyaruguru ya Tanzania. Aba Massai ubu babarirwa mu 900,000 bakaba bavuga ururimi rw’iki Massai.
Ubwoko
bw’aba Massai ni bumwe mu moko y’abanyafurika buzwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga
bitewe n’uko batuye hafi y’ama pariki akunze gusurwa mu bihugu bya Kenya na
Tanzania. Ubu bwoko kandi buzwi kubera imyambaro ndetse n’imirimbo byabo
byihariye. Gusura aba ba Massai kandi ni kimwe mu bikurura ba mukerarugendo cyane
mu gihugu cya Kenya.
Ubu bwoko
bw’aba Massai bufite inkomoko mu Majyaruguru ya lake Turkana (Uburengerazuba
bw’Amajyaruguru bwa Kenya). Aba Massai batangiye kwimukira mu Majyepfo mu
kinyejana cya 15, gusa bizwi ko ubu bwoko bumaze imyaka igera ku 3000. Aba
Massai kandi bazwiho kuba bagira abarwanyi bakomeye kuva mu kinyejana cya 19.
6. Berbers
Ubwoko bw’aba Barber bumaze imyaka irenga 10,000, batuye muri Algeria, amajyaruguru ya Mali, Mauritania, Libya, Niger no mu bice byo mu Burengerazuba bwa Misiri. Bavuga indimi zabo gakondo ndetse n’icyarabu.
Ubu bwoko
bukunze kwiyita Amazigh, ni abaturage ba kavukire muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru.
Hari ibimenyetso ko ubu bwoko bwari butuye muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru kuva
ikiremwamuntu cyatangira kubaho. Bivugwa kandi ko aba ba Barber ari
abakurambere b’abarabu batuye bwa mbere mu bice bya Afurika y’Amajyaruguru.
Iri zina
ry’aba Barber ryacuzwe n’aba Romani barikuye mu ijambo ry’Ikigereki (barbarus).
Mu nyandiko z’aba Gereki, aba Berber bari bazwi nk’abanya Libya ndetse
mu Burayi ni bo bari bazwi nk’Abanyafurika.
5. Sandawe
Ubu bwoko bw’aba Sandawe bukomoka mu gihugu cya Tanzaniya, bumaze imyaka irenga 87,000 kuri ubu babarirwa mu bihumbi 60 by’abaturage. Bavuga igi Sandawe.
Aba Sandawe
baba muri Tanzania hagati bakaba baturanye n’ubundi bwoko bwitwa aba Hadza. Aba
Sandawe bavuga ni bamwe mu basigaranye ururimi ruvugwa nk’uruvugirwa mu nkaka
muri Afurika yose. Gusa uburyo uru rurimi ruvugwa bitandukanye n’igi Hadza.
Aba Sandawe
bakomoka kuri bamwe mu biremwamuntu bya mbere ndetse bikaba bivugwa ko bafitanye
isano n’ubwoko bw’aba San, bazwiho kuba ari bwo bwoko bukuze mu mateka
y’ikiremwamuntu.
4. Abasangwabutaka
Ubu bwoko bumaze imyaka irenga 100,000 bugaragara cyane muri Afurika yo hagati cyane cyane muri Congo. Bufite abaturage babarirwa mu 900,000 bakaba bavuga ururimi rutandukanye bitewe n'aho batuye. Abasangwabutaka b’Abanyafurika bazwi cyane bitewe n’uburyo ari bato ndetse bakaba na bagufi, ntabwo ari ubwoko bumwe bose.
Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe muri 2015, bwagaragaje ko imikurire y’abasangwabutaka
itandukanye n’iy'abandi bantu basanzwe binatuma bakunze kuba ari bagufi.
Abasangwabutaka bavuka baringaniye ahubwo mu mikurire yabo bakiri bato ikagenda
buhoro cyane. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ubugufi bw’abasangwabutaka buri
mu mikurire y’uturemangingo atari ukubera imiterere y’ahantu bakunze gutura.
3. Hadza
Ubwoko
bw’aba Hadza bumaze imyaka irenga 100,000 bakaba baba mu gihugu cya Tanzania,
ubu babarirwa mu baturage basaga 1200-1300. Bavuga ururimi rw’igi Hadza.
Ubwoko
bw’aba Hadza buzwi nka bumwe mu bwoko bumaze imyaka myinshi ku isi. Aba Hadza
bazwiho kuba abahigi cyane ndetse bakaba babayeho mu buzima bumwe kuva mu myaka
10,000 ishize. Ubu bwoko ntibujya buhinga, ntibugira ibigega bahunikamo ndetse
nta hantu hihariye bagira batura.
Nk’ubwoko
bw’aba San, abakurambere b’aba Hadza bitandukanyije n'andi moko mu bihe bya
cyera. Aba Hadza bagira ururimi rutameze nk’urundi rurimi urwo ari rwo rwose ku
isi.
2. Nama
Aba Nama bamaze imyaka iri hagati y'ibihumbi ijana n'ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine (100,000-140,000) bakomoka mu bice byo muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo nka Namibia na Botswana. Aba Nama babarirwa mu 130,000 bavuga iki Nama n'icyongereza. Aba Nama ni bo ba nyuma bakomoka ku ba Khoikhoi bafitanye isano rya hafi n’aba San. Aba Khoikhoi n’aba San bitwa Khoisan rimwe na rimwe bitwa ubwoko bwa mbere bukuze ku isi.
Ubu,
hasigaye aba Nama b’umwimerere bacye bitewe no kugenda bashyingiranwa n’ayandi
moko ndetse n’icyorezo cya gapfura cyabibasiye mu kinyejana cya 18. Aba Nama borora
inka, umuco bafashe nyuma y'uko uzanywe n’aba San mu myaka 2,300 ishize. Ubu
bwoko bwatangiye kwiyita aba Khoikhoi mu kwitandukanya n’aba Khoisan. Ni bo
basigaye bonyine.
1 San
Ubwoko
bw’aba San bumaze imyaka 100,000-140,000 buboneka mu bihugu nka; Botswana,
Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Lesotho na Afurika y'Epfo. Bavuga indimi zose
za Khoe, Kx’a n’indimi zo mu miryango y’aba Tuu.
Aba San batuye muri Afurika y'Epfo mu myaka irenga 3000, bakaba bazwi nk’ubwoko bwa mbere muri Afurika bumaze imyaka myinshi, ndetse bikaba bishoboka ko ari nabwo bwoko bwa mbere ku isi bumaze imyaka myinshi. Abakurambere b’aba San biyomoye ku yandi moko mu myaka irenga 100,000 ishize. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko aba San bo muri Botswana bakoraga imigenzo mu myaka irenga 70,000 yashize.
TANGA IGITECYEREZO