‘Dark Net’,uruhande ruhishe rwa internet rukorerwaho ibyaha utajya umenya

Muri 2013 internet yakoreshwaga na 2/3 by’abaturage bo mu bihugu byateye imbere, naho 40% nibo bayikoreshaga ku isi hose. Ubu aho iyi si igeze, iyi mibare yarazamutse cyane. Muri iyi nkuru ntituri bugaruke kuri internet n’inkomoko yayo ahubwo turagaruka ku ruhande rwayo ruhishwe rutazwi na bose.

Internet turayikunda kandi ni nziza kuko idufasha mu gutumatumanaho n’inshuti, guhaha, gukora akazi ka buri munsi, …ariko nubwo tuyikoresha byinshi byiza,  hari ikindi gice cya internet gihishe gikorerwaho ibintu byose binyuranyije n’amategeko nko kugurishirizwaho amafaranga y’amakorano, ibiyobyabwenge, intwaro, gucururizaho abana ndetse no kunyuzwaho filime z’urukozasoni bakinshijwemo (pédopornographie),…kandi ntihagire ubasha kuvumbura ababikora.

Kuri Dark Net byose biragurwa,ibiyobyabwenge, intwaro n’ibindi bitemewe n’amategeko birahagurishirizwa, amagambo yose aremewe kuyahavugira , itegeko rimwe gusa rihaba ni ukutavuga umwirondoro wawe wa nyawo. Dark Net bisobanuye igice cy’umwijima cya internet ikorerwaho aya mabi yose yashinzwe nande?Ikoreshwa ite?Ni iki gituma abayikoresha batajya bavumburwa?

Ninde washinze Tor ifatwa nk’umuryango winjira muri Dark net?

Dark net ikoreshwa n’abantu bafite ibyo bahuriyeho kandi by’amabanga. Imbuga zayo ni ibanga , nta bahanga cyangwa ubutegetsi bashobora kubigenzura. Igisirikare cya Amerika nicyo cyashinze Dark Net mu myaka 10 ishize, kugirango barinde amakuru y’ibanga  bahanahana hagati yabo.

Mu nyandiko ikinyamakuru Slate cyahaye umutwe ugira uti ‘Qui a peur du grand méchant «darknet»?’ yo ku wa 27 Ugushyingo 2011, cyatangaje ko gahunda ya Tor ifatwa nk’umuryango winjira muri Dark net, yashinzwe n’igisirikare cya Amerika cyo mu mazi, US.Navy. Nubwo Tor yashinzwe n’igisikare cya Amerika ariko nyuma yaje kuba umushinga wigenda’ Tor Project’ ariko ikomeza gufashwa na Leta ya Amerika.

Imibare yo muri 2011 igaragaza ko  60% by’amafaranga yateraga inkunga uyu mushinga yavaga muri guverinoma ya Amerika. Nkuko iki kinyamakuru gikomeza kibivuga, igisirikare cya Amerika gikoresha Tor mu guhanahana amakuru y’ibanga, ndetse igakoreshwa n’ibigo by’ubutasi NSA na CGHQ twagarutseho mu nkuru zahise.

KANDA HANO USOME INKURU IVUGA UBURYO IBIHUGU BINEKA ABATURAGE HUMVIRIZZWA TELEFONI N'IBIKORERWA KURI INTERNET

Guverinoma ya Amerika kandi yashinze Dark Net ngo  kuko yabonaga ko cyaba igikoresho cy’ubwisanzure bw’abatavuga rumwe na Leta z’ibihugu byabo ndetse bakaba bakwigana uburyo bwa Demukarasi Amerika ikoresha ari nayo mpamvu itera inkunga umushinga wa Tor. Impinduramatwara zabaye mu bihugu by’Abarabu mu majyaruguru ya Afrika  muri 2011, dark net yazigizemo uruhare runini ndetse kugeza nubu muri Syria, abarwanya ubutegetsi bwa Bashal Al Assad barayifashisha mu guhanahana amakuru.

Mu gutegura iyi nkuru , twifashishije  na filime mbarankuru(Documentaire) yitwa ‘Le cote obscur du net, dark net(igice gihishe cya internet) yacishijwe kuri sheni ya Televiziyo France 2 mu kiganiro cyayo’Envoyé special’ ku itariki 14 Ugushyingo 2013.

Kugira ngo umunyamakuru wakurikiranaga uburyo iyi internet ikoreshwa abashe kubona ko ibitemewe n’amategeko bihakorerwa, yaguze imbunda kandi umugeraho nta nkomyi. Imbunda yo mu bwoko bwa Revolver yayiguze amadorali 1000 kuri rumwe mu mbuga zikoresha Dark net ariko iza ipfunyitse mu gikarito kirimo iradiyo, ndetse handitseho ko yayiguze amadorali 70, nyamara imbere mu byuma bikoze iyi radiyo niho  imbunda yari ihishe. Uru ni urugero rw’uburyo abacuruza ibitemewe n’amategeko bageza ku baguzi babo ibicuruzwa mu ibanga.

Imbunda yoherezwa ibitse mu byuma bikoze radio

Ninde ubasha gukoresha Dark Net ?

Cyril ni  umwe mu bahanga ba mudasobwa mu Bufaransa. Niwe abanyamakuru ba Envoye Special bifashishije mu gusobanukirwa  ibigendanye na Dark Net. Cyril avuga ko byoroshye cyane kugira ngo umuntu uwo ari we wese atangire gukoresha Dark Net. Ngo ko ikiba gikenewe ni  ugukora download/Telechargement  ya porogaramu bita TOR(The onion router) . Tor ikora akazi gasanzwe gakorwa n’izindi internet browser tumenyereye nka Safari, Mozilla Firefox, Google chrome, ... Nubwo programu ya Tor ariyo ikunda kuvugwa mu ikoreshwa rya dark net hari izindi nka FreeNet, I2P nazo zikoreshwa mu gukoresha internet ihishe.

Tor   ikora ite? Ni gute abakoresha Dark net batajya bamenyekana ?

Mu bisanzwe buri mudasobwa yose iri gukoresha umurongo wa internet imenyekana hifashishijwe imibare 10 bita IP Adress. Mudasobwa yawe iyo iri gukoresha internet  iba ikoresha Seriveri 1(connecte a un serveur unique)izwi kandi icungwa n’uwatanze connexion ukoresha. Ibikorwa byose ukoreraho bibasha kugenzurwa(activites tracables). Kuri Dark Net, Tor igenda ihuza mudasobwa yawe na seriveri nyinshi ku isi hose, kuburyo buhindagurika cyane, ibintu bigoye kuba hamenyekana aho uherereye mubyukuri. Urugero wifashishije Dark Net ushobora kohereza ubutumwa, uwo ubwoherereje akabona ko buturutse mu Bwongereza nyamara utigeze urenga imbibi z’u Rwanda.

Iyo ukoresha internet isanzwe imashini yawe iba igaragaza aho iherereye

Tor ifata umwirondoro w'imashini (IP Adress) ikagenda iwimurira mu bice byo ku isi hose

Cylir asobanura uburyo bigoranye kubasha kumenya umwirondoro w'imashini ikoresha porogaramu ya Tor

Avuga kuri ibi ,Cylir yagize ati “Iyi mvange yo kuba mudasobwa itabasha kugaragara kuri seriveri 1, biba bigoye ko n’abantu bagenzura interineti bafite ubushobozi buhambaye biborohera kubasha kumenya aho iherereye. »

Niho abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge bungukira atagira ingano

Joe(izina yahimbwe),umwe mu bacuruza ibiyobyabwenge mu bihugu birenga 15  akoresheje Dark Net yatangarije abanyamakuru ba envoyé special  ko ubu buryo aribwo bumworohera gukora ibikorwa bye mu mutekano aho gukoresha imbuga zizwi nka google kuko ho byoroshye kuba yahita amenyekana. “Twafunguye amasoko ku isi hose, abaguzi ni benshi. Kuri Dark Net ushobora gucuruza ibyo ushaka. Mu mezi 4 ashize maze kunguka 15.000 by’ama Euro(12.300.000 RFW). »

Utu nitwo dushashi'Joe 'ashyiramo ibiyobyabwenge, ubundi akabifunga mu ibahasha, akabyohereza mu bihugu bigera kuri 15

Kuri Dark net ibitemewe n'amategeko niho bigurishirizwa mu ibanga rihanitse

Ross Ulbricht  washinze Silk Road kuri ubu akaba yarakatiwe gufungwa burundu

Yongeyeho ati «  Ntabwo nacuruza nkoresheje internet isanzwe aho njya kunyura kuri google, kuko ho ntibatinda kugufata. Kuri TOR ubutumwa bwose buba bwanditse mu bwiru. Mba mfite umutekano wo gukorera ibi byose iwanjye nkagurisha byohereje ku iposita aho kugira ngo njye kubigurisha mu muhanda no gutuma ababigura bahora iwanjye .Ndabizi ko nshobora gufungwa imyaka 10 ndetse n’amande  menshi ariko ntibinteye ubwoba.”Joe ibobyabwenge bye abipfunyika mu ibahasha itabonerana ubundi akayicisha ku iposita. Ikigero gito cyane cya 2% by’ibicuruzwa bitemewe n’amategeko ngo nibyo bifatirwa ahanini kuri Douane.

Nyuma y’imyaka 2 rukora  iperereza , mu kwezi k’ukwakira 2014 , urwego rw’ubutasi rwa Amerika ,FBI yabashije gufunga urubuga rwa Silk Road rwifashishwaga n’abacuruzi b’ibiyobyabwenge  n’intwaro bakomeye ku isi  aho wabiguraga, bakabikuzanira iwawe ntamuntu uguketse. Silk Road  bimwe mu binyamakuru bigeranya na E-bay icururizwaho ibiyobyabwenge,  rwanyuragaho miliyoni irenga y’amadorali buri kwezi. Hagati ya Gashyantare  2011 na Nyakanga 2013, Silk Road yabarirwaga ko yanyujijweho miliyari 1,2 z’amadorali y’Amerika, yabarizwagaho nibura abacuruzi 3.800  ndetse n’abaguzi  147.000 .

Rwafunzwe bitewe n’ikosa ryakozwe na Ross Ulbricht wari wararushinze ariko bukeye bwaho nibwo abagurisha ibiyobyabenge ndetse n’ababigura batangiye kwifashisha izindi mbuga zikorera kuri dark net. Mu kwezi kumwe ifunzwe, Silk Road yongeye gufungurwa.

Na passeport z’ibihugu bikomeye zirahagurishirizwa

Uretse ibiyobyabwenge,intwaro n’ibindi, kuri dark net hagurishirizwa n’impapuro z’inzira (Passeport) za bimwe mu bihugu bikomeye. Mu nkuru yacyo yo ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2015, ikinyamakuru Slate cyatangaje ko Passeport y’igihugu cy’Ubufaransa yibwe cyangwa y’impimbano , kuri dark net igurishwa hagati y’ama Euro 1500 na 3000.(Ni ukuvuga hagati ya 1.230.000 na 2.460.000 RFW). Impamvu ngo iyi passeport ihenda ni uko uyiguze abasha gutembera mu bihugu 145 nta visa basabwe cyangwa bakaba bagura visa ako kanya. Nubwo Passeport ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika iri muzikomeye kubonwa , kuri Dark net ho siko bimeze kuko igurishwa hagati y’ama Euro  826 na  1.811 (677.320 na 1.485.020 RFW).

Kuri uru rutonde rwakozwe na Vocativ, Passeport ihenze cyane ni iy’igihugu cya Danemark ,igakurikirwa n’iy’igihugu cy’Ububiligi.

Uku niko Passeports zirutanwa mu biciro kuri dark net

Kuri dark Net hakoreshwa ifaranga ryavutse muri 2009

Mu rwego ro kwirinda kurushaho, abakorera ibi bikorwa bitemewe kuri Dark net bagura ndetse bakangurisha bifashishije ifaranga ry’ibanga bita Bit coin ariko ryemewe n’amategeko. Aya mafaranga yashinzwe muri 2009 n’umuntu utazwi gusa bivugwa ko yitwa Satoshi Nakamoto ariko ntihazwi umwirondoro we. Kugeza ubu rimaze kumenyekana cyane, ariko ahanini rikoreshwa mu igura n’igurisha kuri dark net. Gusa wifashishije Bit coin ushobora no  guhaha mu buryo bwemewe ku mbuga zizwi. Kugira ngo wumve agaciro k’iri faranga bya Bit Coins, mu nkuru ya Arte TV ‘Darknet, le web à l’état brut’ yo muri Kanama 2015, yatangaje ko ku itariki 01 Ukuboza 2014, 1 Bit coin ryavunjwaga ama Euro 400. Ni ukuvuga ko biramutse ari uku bigihagaze, iri faranga ryaba ringana n’asaga 328.000 RFW.

Nubwo ryavutse muri 2009,Bit coin rifite agaciro kanini cyane

Kugira ngo habeho ubwirinzi n’ubujura ndetse no kugira ngo abakoresha Dark Net bizere neza ko ibyo baguze bizabageraho,  hari ababa baraguriye umucuruzi runaka kuri Dark net bashyiraho ubutumwa buvuga uko yitwara mu bucuruzi, igihe bimutwara ngo akugezeho igicuruzwa,…bityo bigafasha ugura guhitamo umucuruzi nyawe aguriraho icyo akeneye, Iyo ari igicuruzwa nk’ibiyobyabwenge,ugiye kugura ngo abanza kugezwaho umusogongero.

Filime z’urukozasoni zikinishwa abana nizo zisurwa cyane

Ubushakashatsi bwiswe’Hidden services’ bwakorewe muri Kaminuza ya Portsmouth yo mu Bwongereza bukorewe kuri Porogaramu ya Tor, bwagaragaje ko 80% by’abakoresha Dark Net ari abasura imbuga zayo zibaho ibikorwa byo gushora abana bakiri bato cyane mu busambanyi. Ibyerekeye ubu bushakashatsi ikinyamakuru The Guardian cyabyanditse mu yandiko cyahaye umutwe ugira uti”Study claims more than 80% of 'dark net' traffic is to child abuse sites”yo ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2014.

N’abanyamakuru barayikoresha

Abigaragambya nabo badashaka kumenyekana  cyangwa abaturage bo mu bihugu bikunda gukumira ikoreshwa rya internet bakoresha ubu bwoko bwa internet. Imibare yatanzwe n’ikinyamakuru Slate yo muri Kanama 2013 yagaragazaga ko  mu bantu bo ku isi yose bakoreshaga dark net, 2.000 bakomokaga muri Bahreïn, hagati ya 15.000 na  20.000 bakomokaga muri  Iran, naho 6.000 ari abo muri  Syrie. Mwene ibi bihugu, umuryango Reporters sans frontiers wabyise abanzi ba internet. Mu Burusiya ho abagera kuri 120.000 nibo bakoreshaga dark net muri 2013. Imibare icyo gihe yagaragazaga ko nibura abantu miliyoni aribo bakoresha Tor buri munsi.

Uduce turimo intambara ikaze, buri kintu cyose kinyura kuri internet kigenzurwa, cyangwa bahigwa bukware, abanyamakuru nabo bifashisha Dark net mu gukora akazi kabo no kohereza amakuru . Dark Net kandi ikoreshwa n’itangazamakuru rimena amabanga ya za Leta  kuko ho ntawe uba yamenya umwirondoro wabo. Bwa mbere flash disk ziriho porogaramu ya TOR zahawe abanyamakuru b’i Kabul muri Afghanistan binyuze mu muryango wa Reporters sans frontiers/Reporters without border . Dark Net kandi yifashishwa mu gusoma imbuga za internet zafunzwe n’ubutegetsi runaka hagamijwe ko abaturage basoma amakuru ariho. Kugeza ubu ikigo cy’ubutasi bya Amerika  cya NSA cyananiwe kubasha kugenzura dark net.

Ibi ni bimwe wamenya kuri internet ihishwe yiswe Dark net. Iyi nkuru twayanditse dusubiza bamwe mu bakunzi bacu bakunze kuyidusab.  Na we niba hari ingingo wumva ufiteho amatsiko twazagarukaho mu nkuru zacu zitaha, watwoherereza ubutumwa kuri email:avichris2810@gmail.com

Niba ushaka kureba inkuru zivuga ku mateka y’isi ,uduce tw’ibanga  nka Zone 51, Triangle de Bermude n’ibituvugwaho,ibivejuru bivugwa ko bisura isi n’izindi twanditse mu minsi yashize, wadukurikira kuri Page ya Facebook’Tumenye isi’.