Ubushakashatsi bwemeza ko guhindura imiterere y’uturemangingo fatizo tw’imiterere n’isano byongera ubushobozi bw’ubwonko kubigendanye n’ubumenyi, gufata mu mutwe, indimi, kwibuka vuba, kugira imitekerereze yihuse, ubwenge bwinshi n’ibindi.
Mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 2018, ni bwo umushinwa He Jiankui, yatangaje ko yabashije
kuvukisha impanga z’abakobwa, abanje guhindura imiterere y’uturemangingo fatizo
tw’isano n’imiterere. Abahanga mu binyabuzima bakoresha uburyo buzwi nka CRISPR-Cas9,
bugizwe no guhagarika akaremangingo mfantizo kitwa CCR5, aka
kakaba ari agace kaba mu turemangingo tw’imiterere n’isano kagizwe na Proteine
zirinda virus ya VIH/SIDA kwinjira mu tunyangingo. Nyamara inyigo nshya
yagaragaje ko iri hindurwa ritagarukira aho kukurinda VIH gusa ahubwo rigera no ku
mikorere y’ubwonko.
Ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe kuwa 21 Gashyantare 2019 mu Kinyamakuru La
revue Cell
, bwagaragaje ko guhagarika imikorere (Gufunga) y’akaremangingo fatizo kitwa CCR5
ku mbeba bifasha kongera gusubirana vuba ubushobozi bwo gukora igihe yari
yangiritse imitsi yo mu bwonko cyangwa se igihe yari yagize ihungabana ryo mu
bwonko ndetse ntibigarukira aho ahubwo iryo hindurwa ryongera ubushobozi mu
mikorere y’ubwonko ku buryo bugaragara kuko bitera gukura ku muvuduko uri hejuru
w’udutsi tw’ubwonko cyane cyane udushami tuba ku mitsi y’ubwonko, bikanarema
ukundi kwihuza gushya mu bwonko.
Indi nyigo yatanze ibisubizo bimwe n’iyi ya mbere, ni iyakorewe ku muntu,
ubwo mu ivuriro bamuhaga umuti wa maraviroc,
uyu ni umuti wo kurwanya SIDA ukora mu buryo bwo gufunga akaremangingo ka CCR5.
Ese ibi bivuze ko tugiye kugira abanyeshuri bafite ubwenge budasanzwe?
Mu byukuri, nk’uko byagiye bigaragazwa, abantu bahinduwe imiterere y’uturemangingo
fatizo tw’isano n’imiterere bazwi ku nyito ya gihanga ya ∆32 CCR5, bagiye
bagaragaza ubuhanga budasanzwe mu myigire yabo. Mu kiganiro Thomas Carmichael
yahaye ikinyamakuru cyitwa MIT Technology review yagize ati “ Ni twe bantu ba mbere
bagaragaje uruhare rwa CCR5 mu mikorere y’ubwonko bwa muntu ndetse tunagaragaza
igihamya mu myigire ihanitse”.
Dushobora kwanzura ko izi mpanga z’abakobwa zavutse mu Ugushyingo mu mwaka wa 2018 zishobora kuzaba abanyeshuri b’ibitangaza?
“Icyo dushobora kwemeza
cyo ni uko bizagira icyo bihindura ku mikorere n’ubushobozi bw’ubwonko bwabo” Ibi byahamijwe
na Alcino J. Silva, umuhanga mu by’imikorere y’ubwonko wo muri Kaminuza ya
Califanie i Los Angeles, akaba n’umwe mu bantu ba mbere bagaragaje uruhare rw’akaremangingo
ka CCR5 mu mikorere y’ubwonko no kubasha kwibuka. Yakomeje agira ati “ Uku guhindura imiterere y’akaremangingo ka CCR5,
bigaragaza impinduka mu kongera
ubushobozi bw’ubwonko, ariko ikigero bihindukaho biracyagoye kucyemeza” .
Abahanga benshi baracyibaza niba koko ibi byakwemerwa cyane ko intego
nyamukuru y’uyu mushinwa He Jiankui, akora ubu bushakashatsi atari agambiriye
kurema abana bafite ubwenge buhambaye, ikindi kandi kugera aho bageze ubu
ntagishobora kwemeza ko bazagira ubwenge buhambaye kuko bigoye kubipima
ukurikije aho bageze ariko kandi abandi nabo bakabura aho bahera babihakana
kuko bashingira ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2016 bugasohoka mu
kinyamakuru cya MIT Technology review, bugakorerwa ku mbeba kandi
bukagaragaza guhindura uturemangingo twa CCR5, ibintu byagize umusaruro ufatika ku mikorere
y’ubwonko n’ubushobozi bwo kwibuka.
Iyi nkuru kandi yongeye kubyutsa kwibaza ku byari bimaze iminsi bivugwa
ku ikorwa ry’abana hagamijwe kugira abana badasanzwe. Mu cyegeranyo cyakozwe mu
mwaka wa 2018, aho 75% y’Abashinwa babajijwe, bemeza ko guhindura uturemangingo
mu gihe cy’isama baba bagamije kurwanya indwara zimwe na zimwe na ho abagera
kuri 25% bo bakemeza ko ubu buryo bukorwa mu kongerera abana ubwenge no
kugira ngo bazabe abakinnyi b’ibitangaza.
Src: www.futura-sciences.com
TANGA IGITECYEREZO