Uyu munsi uzwi mu Cyongereza nka ‘International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies’, intego yawo ni ukugaragaza ko umwuka mwiza ari ingenzi ku buzima bw’abantu, ubukungu, umusaruro w’abaturage ndetse no kurengera ibidukikije.
Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yashyizeho uyu munsi ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2019, binyuze mu Cyemezo 74/212, nyuma y’uko ibihugu bigize Loni byagaragaje ko ihumana ry’umwuka ari ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima bwa muntu n’ibidukikije.
Ku nshuro ya mbere wizihijwe ku wa 7 Nzeri 2020, maze Loni isaba Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ushinzwe Ibidukikije (UNEP) kuwufasha no guhuza ibikorwa byawo n’ibindi bigo birebwa n’ikibazo cy’umwuka wanduye.
Kuva icyo gihe, buri mwaka ku wa 7 Nzeri, ibihugu birimo n’u Rwanda, n’imiryango itandukanye byibutsa abaturage akamaro ko kugira umwuka mwiza no gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibiwuhumanya.
Umwuka wanduye ubangamiye hafi ya buri wese
OMS ivuga ko 99% by’abatuye Isi bahumeka umwuka urimo imyanda irenze imipaka yashyizweho mu mabwiriza yayo y’ubuziranenge bw’umwuka.
Ibi bivuze ko hafi ya buri muntu ku Isi ahura n’urwego rw’umwanda w’umwuka rushobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima. Ibihugu bikennye n’ibifite ubukungu buri hagati ni byo bikunze kugira abaturage bahura n’ingaruka zikomeye kurusha ibindi.
Mu myuka n’ibuwanduza bikomeye byibandwaho harimo uduce duto cyane tuzwi nka PM2.5, monoxide de carbone, ozone yo ku butaka, nitrogen dioxide na sulfur dioxide.
Utwo duce duto cyane twa PM2.5 dushobora kwinjira cyane mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, bikaba bifitanye isano n’indwara z’umutima n’imitsi y’amaraso, iz’ubuhumekero ndetse na kanseri y’ibihaha.
Miliyoni z’abantu bapfa bazize ingaruka z’umwuka wanduye
Ikibazo cy’umwuka wanduye ntikigarukira ku kuba ikirere kitagaragara neza cyangwa kibangamirwa n’umwotsi. Ni ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima rusange.
Loni ivuga ko 99% by’abantu ku Isi bahumeka umwuka wanduye, kandi ko ihumana ry’umwuka rifitanye isano n’impfu z’imburagihe zigera kuri miliyoni 8 buri mwaka, harimo abana barenga 700,000 bari munsi y’imyaka itanu.
UNEP na yo ivuga ko ihumana ry’umwuka ari kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye by’ibidukikije bibangamiye ubuzima, aho rihitana abantu barenga miliyoni 8.1 buri mwaka.
Mubyukuri, ni iki gihumanya umwuka?
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Buzima, OMS, rigaragaza ko hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kwanduza umwuka, harimo gutwika ibicanwa, ibinyabiziga, inganda n’inkongi zibasira amashyamba.
Mu ngo na ho hashobora kubaho ibitera ihumana ry’umwuka, cyane cyane aho abantu bagikoresha ibicanwa bisohora umwotsi mwinshi mu guteka cyangwa mu gushyushya amazu.
UNEP ivuga ko umwuka wo mu ngo nawo ukomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye. Muri 2021, ihumana ry’umwuka wo mu ngo ryateje impfu z’imburagihe zigera kuri miliyoni 3.1. Muri uwo mwaka, hafi umuntu umwe muri batatu ku Isi yakomezaga gukoresha amashyiga adakora neza cyangwa gutekera ku muriro w’inkwi.
Muri Afurika, ikibazo kirushaho gukomera kuko UNEP ivuga ko hafi abantu bane kuri batanu bahura n’ihumana ry’umwuka wo mu ngo.
Umwuka wanduye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bifitanye isano
Ihumana ry’umwuka ntiribangamira ubuzima gusa; rifitanye kandi isano ya hafi n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
OMS na UNEP bigaragaza ko ibikorwa byinshi bihumanya umwuka, cyane cyane gutwika ibicanwa biva ku myanda y’ibintu bitandukanye nka peteroli, amakara na gaze, ari na byo bitanga imyuka myinshi ihindura ikirere.
Ni yo mpamvu kwimukira ku mbaraga zisukuye, guteza imbere ubwikorezi burambye, kugabanya imyuka iva mu nganda no guteza imbere uburyo bwo guteka budasohora umwotsi mwinshi bishobora kugira akamaro haba ku buzima ndetse no ku kirere.
Ni iki Isi isabwa gukora?
Umuryango w’Abibumbye usaba ibihugu kongera ishoramari mu bikorwa bituma umwuka urushaho kuba mwiza, birimo gukoresha ingufu zisukuye, kugenzura imyuka iva mu binyabiziga n’inganda, kunoza uburyo bwo guteka, guteza imbere ubwikorezi burambye no gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gupima no gukurikirana ubuziranenge bw’umwuka.
OMS na yo ishimangira ko kurwanya ihumana ry’umwuka bisaba ubufatanye bw’inzego za Leta, abikorera, imiryango itari iya Leta ndetse n’abaturage ubwabo.
Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Umwuka Mwiza n’Ikirere Gikeye rero si umunsi wo kuvuga gusa ku kirere cy’ubururu. Ni umwanya wo kwibutsa isi ko umwuka abantu bahumeka buri munsi ushobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu buzima bwabo.
Mu gihe imibare igaragaza ko hafi abantu bose ku Isi bahumeka umwuka udahagije ku bipimo by’ubuziranenge bwa OMS, ubutumwa bw’uyu munsi burasobanutse: kurinda umwuka si ukurengera ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo ni ukurengera ubuzima bw’abantu, ubukungu n’ahazaza h’Isi.