Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 19, kunywa amazi menshi ntibyafatwaga nk’ibisanzwe. Vincent Priessnitz, washinze uburyo bwo kwivuza hifashishijwe amazi (hydropathy), yigeze kuvuga ko abantu bagera ku rwego rwo kunywa amazi ari ababa bageze mu bukene bukabije cyangwa hafi yo gupfa. Yongeyeho ko benshi muri icyo gihe batigeze banywa arenze igice cy’ikirahure cy’amazi mu mwanya umwe.
Uyu munsi ibintu byarahindutse cyane. Hirya no hino ku Isi nko mu Bwongereza no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abantu banywa amazi menshi kurusha uko byari bimeze mbere, aho amazi yo mu macupa yamaze no kurusha ibinyobwa bisembuye bigurishwa cyane.
Ubutumwa bwinshi butubwira ko kunywa litiro nyinshi z’amazi buri munsi ari ibanga ry’ubuzima bwiza, uruhu rwiza, imbaraga nyinshi ndetse no kugabanya ibiro no kwirinda kanseri.
Itegeko ry'“ibirahure 8 by’amazi” rikomoka he?
Abantu benshi bemera ko bagomba kunywa ibirahure umunani by’amazi ku munsi (hafi litiro ebyiri), bizwi nka 8x8 rule. Nyamara, ubu butumwa ntibushingiye ku bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, kandi nta mabwiriza ya Leta y’u Bwongereza cyangwa Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, cyangwa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, asaba kunywa ayo mazi angana gutyo.
Iyi myumvire ishobora kuba yarakomotse ku nama zatanzwe mu 1945, aho inama ishinzwe imirire muri Amerika yavuze ko umuntu akwiye gufata mililitiro imwe y’amazi kuri buri kalori afata. Icy’ingenzi ariko ni uko ayo mazi atari ayo kunywa gusa, ahubwo harimo n’ibindi binyobwa n’ibiribwa nk’imbuto n’imboga, bishobora kuba bigizwe n’amazi agera kuri 98%.
Ubushakashatsi buheruka bwerekana ko kunywa ibirahure umunani by’amazi ku munsi birenze ayo umubiri ukeneye. Impuguke zigaragaza ko litiro ziri hagati ya 1.5 na 1.8 ku munsi zihagije ku muntu usanzwe. Ariko ibi biterwa n’aho umuntu atuye, ikirere, imbaraga akoresha, n’imiterere y’umubiri we.
Abatuye ahantu hashyushye, abakinnyi b’imikino, abagore batwite cyangwa bonsa, n’abatuye ahantu hahanamye bakeneye amazi menshi kurusha abandi. Icy’ingenzi, impuguke zivuga ko umuntu akwiye kunywa amazi igihe yumvise afite inyota, aho gukurikira umubare w’ikirahure wagenwe.
Amazi agize hafi bibiri bya gatatu by’umubiri wacu, agafasha mu gutwara intungamubiri, gusohora imyanda, kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’umubiri no gutuma ingingo zikorana neza. Umubiri uhora utakaza amazi binyuze mu kubira ibyuya, kwihagarika no guhumeka.
Iyo amazi agabanutse ku gipimo cya 1–2% by’umubiri, umuntu atangira kugaragaza ibimenyetso byo kubura amazi, nk’inyota, umunaniro n’umutwe uremereye. Ariko impuguke zivuga ko kumva inyota atari ikimenyetso cy’uko byarenze urugero, ahubwo ari uburyo bw’umubiri bwo kukubwira icyo ukeneye.
Nta bushakashatsi bwizewe bwerekana ko kunywa amazi menshi arenze ayo umubiri ukeneye byagira inyungu zidasanzwe ku buzima. Icyakora, kwitwararika ukirinda kubura amazi bifasha umubiri gukomeza gukora neza, by’umwihariko ubwonko no kugumana imbaraga.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje kandi ko kunywa amazi ahagije bishobora gufasha mu kugabanya ibiro, cyane cyane iyo asimbuye ibinyobwa birimo isukari nk'uko bitangazwa na BBC.
Ku rundi ruhande, kunywa amazi menshi cyane bishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye, aho sodium yo mu maraso igabanuka bikaba byatera kubyimba kw’ubwonko n’ibihaha. Hari abakinnyi b’imikino bagiye bapfa bazize kunywa amazi arenze urugero, ikibazo kizwi nka "hyponatremia".
Impuguke zitandukanye zemeza ko hatabaho igipimo kimwe cy’amazi gikwiriye buri wese. Icy’ingenzi ni ukwita ku byiyumvo by’umubiri wawe, ukanywa amazi igihe wumvise ufite inyota, unazirikana ikirere urimo, imyaka yawe n’ingano y’imbaraga ukoresha.
Nk’uko inzobere zibisobanura, umubiri w’umuntu umaze igihe kirekire cyane uzi kwerekana ibyo ukeneye; bityo icy’ingenzi si ukuwurushya uwuha amazi menshi, ahubwo ni ukuwumva.