Faye yatorewe izi nshingano mu nama y'Abakuru b'Ibihugu na za Guverinoma zigize ECOWAS yabaye ku Cyumweru, aho abayobozi b'ibihugu bagaragaje ko bamwizeye kugira ngo ayobore uyu muryango mu gihe uri mu bihe bikoeye kuva washingwa mu myaka hafi 50 ishize.
Uyu munyapolitiki w'imyaka 45 y'amavuko asanzwe ari Perezida wa Senegal kuva muri Mata 2024, nyuma yo gutsinda amatora yinjiranye gahunda yo kuvugurura imiyoborere, kurwanya ruswa no kuzahura ubukungu bw'igihugu cye.
Bassirou Diomaye Faye asimbuye Perezida wa Sierra Leone, Julius Maada Bio, wari umaze umwaka umwe ayobora ECOWAS. Maada Bio yari yarasimbuye Perezida wa Nigeria, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, na we wari wayoboye uyu muryango mu gihe cyaranzwe n'ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi mu bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba.
Bitandukanye n'indi miryango mpuzamahanga igendera ku murongo w'uko ibihugu bisimburana mu buryo buhoraho, muri ECOWAS umuyobozi atorwa n'abakuru b'ibihugu babyumvikanyeho. Manda ye imara umwaka umwe, ariko ishobora kongerwa bitewe n'uko ibihugu biwugize bibibona.
Nk’uko tubikesha Business Insider Africa, abasesenguzi bavuga ko mu guhitamo Faye harebwe ubushobozi bwe mu biganiro bya dipolomasi, uburyo Senegal isanzwe ifatwa nk'igihugu gifite ituze ndetse n'uko uyu Perezida agaragara nk'umuntu ushobora guhuza impande zitavuga rumwe.
ECOWAS iri mu bihe bitoroshye
Kuyobora ECOWAS muri iki gihe ntabwo ari inshingano zoroshye. Mu myaka mike ishize, uyu muryango wahuye n'ibibazo byakomeje kuwuca intege, birimo ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare muri Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger, ibintu byatumye habaho ubushyamirane bukomeye hagati y'ibyo bihugu na ECOWAS.
Uyu muryango washyizeho ibihano ku butegetsi bwa gisirikare bwo muri ibyo bihugu, ubusaba gusubiza ubutegetsi abasivili binyuze mu matora. Icyakora, ibyo bihugu byavuze ko ECOWAS iri kubangamira ubusugire bwabyo ndetse ikorera mu nyungu z'amahanga.
Nyuma y'amezi menshi yo kutumvikana, Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger byahisemo kuva muri ECOWAS burundu, bishinga umuryango wabyo wiswe Alliance of Sahel States (AES) ugamije ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare, umutekano n'ubukungu.
Uku gutandukana kwabaye igihombo gikomeye kuri ECOWAS, kuko ari bwo bwa mbere ibihugu bitatu byari bivuyemo icyarimwe kuva washingwa. Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bitegereje Perezida Faye ni ukureba niba ashobora kongera kubaka umubano hagati ya ECOWAS n'ibihugu bitatu byavuye muri uyu muryango.
Mu bihe byashize, Faye yagiye agaragaza ko yemera ibiganiro n'ubwumvikane kurusha gushyiraho ibihano bikomeye. Yanagize uruhare mu biganiro byageragezaga guhuza ECOWAS n'ibihugu bya Sahel.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko uburyo bwe bwo gukoresha dipolomasi bushobora gufasha kugabanya ubushyamirane no kongera icyizere hagati y'impande zombi, nubwo bitizewe ko ibyo bihugu byahita bisubira muri ECOWAS.
Umutekano muke ukomeje guhangayikisha akarere
Uretse ikibazo cy'amacakubiri, Faye atorewe uyu mwanya mu gihe Afurika y'Iburengerazuba ikomeje guhura n'umutekano muke uterwa n'imitwe yitwaje intwaro irimo iyiyitirira idini ya Islamu.
Ibitero by'imitwe y'iterabwoba bimaze imyaka byibasiye ibihugu byo mu karere ka Sahel, birimo Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger, ariko ubu bikaba byaratangiye no gukwira mu bihugu byo ku nkombe z'inyanja nka Benin, Togo na Côte d'Ivoire.
Ibi byatumye ikibazo cy'umutekano kiba kimwe mu byo ECOWAS igomba gushyira imbere mu gihe ishaka gukomeza kubungabunga ituze ry'akarere.
ECOWAS yashinzwe mu 1975 ifite intego yo guteza imbere ubuhahirane hagati y'ibihugu bya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, korohereza urujya n'uruza rw'abaturage n'ibicuruzwa no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo bihuza ibihugu. Icyakora, ibibazo bya politiki n'umutekano byagiye bidindiza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'iyo ntego.
Perezida Faye azasabwa gukomeza gahunda zo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, kubaka ibikorwa remezo no gukomeza ubwisanzure bw'abaturage mu kugenda no gukora ubucuruzi hagati y'ibihugu. Nubwo ahawe izi nshingano zo kuyobora ECOWAS, Faye na we afite ibibazo byinshi byo gukemura muri Senegal.
Kuva yatangira kuyobora igihugu muri Mata 2024, Guverinoma ye yatangiye gusuzuma imikoreshereze y'umutungo wa Leta, isezeranya kuvugurura inzego za Leta no guhangana n'ibibazo by'ubukungu igihugu gifite.
Hari kandi abaturage benshi bategereje ko ashyira mu bikorwa amasezerano yatanze mu gihe cyo kwiyamamaza, arimo guhanga imirimo, kugabanya ikiguzi cy'imibereho no guteza imbere ubukungu. Ibi bivuze ko azaba asabwa icyarimwe kwita ku bibazo by'igihugu cye no kuyobora umwe mu miryango ikomeye ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Abakurikirana politiki yo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba bavuga ko manda ya Bassirou Diomaye Faye ishobora kuba imwe mu zizasiga amateka muri ECOWAS.
Naramuka abashije kongera kubaka icyizere hagati y'uyu muryango n'ibihugu bya Sahel, akanafasha mu guhangana n'umutekano muke no guteza imbere ubufatanye mu bukungu, ashobora gutanga icyerekezo gishya ku muryango umaze imyaka hafi 50 uharanira iterambere n'ituze ry'Afurika y'Iburengerazuba.
Ariko kandi, kunanirwa gukemura aya makimbirane bishobora kurushaho guca intege ECOWAS, ikaba yakomeza gutakaza ijambo n'uruhare yari isanzwe ifite mu bibazo by'akarere, mu gihe Afurika y'Iburengerazuba ikomeje guhura n'ibibazo bya politiki, umutekano n'ubukungu bitigeze bibaho mu myaka myinshi ishize.
Perezida wa Senegal, Bassirou Diomaye Faye, aherutse gutorerwa kuyobora Umuryango w'Ubukungu w'Ibihugu bya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba (ECOWAS)