Nubwo benshi bawuzi nk'umunsi wo gusangira umusaruro, amateka yawo agaragaza ko ari umwe mu mihango gakondo ikomeye yabaye inkingi y'ubumwe n'imiyoborere y'u Rwanda kuva mu binyejana byinshi bishize.
Umuganura ni iki?
Ijambo Umuganura rikomoka ku nshinga kuganura, bisobanura gusangira umusaruro wa mbere wavuye mu murima mu rwego rwo gushimira Imana no kwishimira ibyo igihugu n'abaturage bagezeho.
Mu muco nyarwanda, kuganura ntibyagarukiraga ku kurya imyaka mishya gusa, ahubwo byari umuhango uhuza Abanyarwanda, ugashimangira ubumwe, ubusabane, gukunda umurimo no guteganyiriza ejo hazaza.
Umuganura wari umwe mu nzira z'ubwiru 18 zari zigize urwego rw'imiyoborere y'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda. Wari umuhango wayoborwaga n'Umwami afatanyije n'Abiru, mu gihe ku rwego rw'imiryango wayoborwaga n'abakuru b'imiryango.
Ntabwo wari umuhango w'ubuhinzi gusa, ahubwo wari ipfundo ry'imyemerere y'Abanyarwanda, umurunga w'ubumwe n'ikiraro cyahuzaga rubanda n'abayobozi gakondo.
Mu Rwanda rwo hambere, Umuganura wahuzaga Abanyarwanda bose, bakava mu mirimo yabo bakagirana ubusabane, bagasangira umusaruro kandi bagafata ingamba zo kurushaho kuwongera.
Abahanga mu mateka bavuga ko uyu muhango wari ushingiye ku ndangagaciro zirimo: gukunda igihugu, gukunda umurimo no kuwunoza, gusangira n'abandi, ubupfura n'ubufatanye, kwihesha agaciro, kuzigama, no guteganyiriza ejo hazaza.
Ni yo mpamvu Inteko y'Umuco ivuga ko Umuganura ari isoko y'ubumwe n'ishingiro ryo kwigira, kuko uhuza Abanyarwanda ku cyerekezo kimwe cyo kubaka igihugu.
Impamvu abakoloni bawukuyeho
Mu mwaka wa 1925, ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni b'Ababiligi bwahagaritse Umuganura ndetse n'urwego rw'ubwiru, bugamije gukuraho imbaraga z'ubutegetsi gakondo bwari bushingiye ku Mwami n'Abiru.
Icyo gihe kandi Gashamura ka Rukangirashyamba, wari ushinzwe imihango y'Umuganura, yaciwe mu gihugu ajyanwa mu buhungiro i Burundi.
Abashakashatsi bagaragaza ko guhagarika Umuganura bitari uguhagarika umuhango gusa, ahubwo byari no kugabanya indangagaciro z'umuco n'ubumwe byari biwushingiyeho.
Kongera kuwugarura mu 2011
Nyuma y'imyaka isaga 85 utizihizwa ku rwego rw'igihugu, Leta y'u Rwanda yongeye kugarura Umuganura mu mwaka wa 2011, iwugira umunsi mukuru ngarukamwaka wizihizwa buri wa Gatanu wa mbere wa Kanama.
Intego yari ugusigasira umurage ndangamuco no kongera kubaka ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda.
Kuva icyo gihe, Umuganura ntukigarukira ku buhinzi gusa, ahubwo wizihiza n'ibyagezweho mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo ubuzima, uburezi, ikoranabuhanga, ubukerarugendo, siporo, ubucuruzi, ubuhanzi n'ibindi, ndetse ukaba n'umwanya wo gutegura intego z'umwaka ukurikiraho.
Umuganura wa 2026
Uyu mwaka, ibirori byo kwizihiza Umuganura ku rwego rw'igihugu birabera mu Murenge wa Rwimbogo, Akarere ka Rusizi, ku nsanganyamatsiko igira iti: "Umuganura isoko y'ubumwe n'ishingiro ryo kwigira."
Ni insanganyamatsiko ishishikariza Abanyarwanda gukomeza kubaka igihugu bishingikirije ku bumwe, umurimo no kwigira.
Mbere y'uyu munsi, Inteko y'Umuco ku bufatanye n'Urwego rw'Igihugu rw'Iterambere (RDB) yaganuje abanyamakuru, abakurikirwa cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga n'abahanga mu mateka, basura Ingoro y'Abami mu Rukari n'ibindi bikorwa ndangamurage ndetse na Pariki y'Igihugu ya Nyungwe, mu rwego rwo kurushaho kumenyekanisha umurage ndangamuco n'ubukerarugendo bw'u Rwanda.
Imibare igaragaza ko mu mwaka wa 2025–2026, ingoro ndangamurage umunani zakiriye abashyitsi 297,925, zinjiza amafaranga arenga 402,4 miliyoni Frw, bikerekana uruhare rw'umurage ndangamuco mu bukungu bw'igihugu.
Mu kiganiro Dusangire Ijambo cya RBA, Ambasaderi Robert Masozera, Intebe y’Inteko y’Umuco, yagaragaje ko hari abibwira ko Umuganura ari umunsi wo gusangira ibiryo gusa, nyamara ari wo munsi mukuru gakondo rukumbi Abanyarwanda basigaranye kandi ufite amateka akomeye mu kubaka igihugu.
Yasobanuye ko amateka yawo agaragaza ko wahuzaga abaturage n'ubuyobozi, ugashimangira gukorera hamwe, ubumuntu, ubupfura n'ubufatanye.
Isomo Umuganura utanga muri iki gihe
Mu gihe u Rwanda n'Isi bihanganye n'ibibazo bitandukanye birimo ibiyobyabwenge, ubusinzi, ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa nabi, ubunebwe n'indi myitwarire ishobora gutesha agaciro urubyiruko, Inteko y'Umuco ivuga ko Umuganura ukwiye kuba umwanya wo kwisuzuma no kongera kwiyemeza kubaho hakurikijwe indangagaciro z’Umuco Nyarwanda.
Ni umwanya wo kwibaza niba umusaruro igihugu kigezeho uri mu maboko meza, ukoreshwa mu bikorwa bifitiye Abanyarwanda bose akamaro, niba urubyiruko rugikunda umurimo, niba umuryango ugifite uruhare mu kurera, no kurebera hamwe icyakorwa kugira ngo iterambere rikomeze.
Kuki Umuganura udakwiye gucika?
Mu myaka irenga igihumbi ishize, Umuganura wabaye ikimenyetso cy'ubumwe, umurimo, gusangira no gukunda igihugu. Nubwo wahagaritswe n'abakoloni, ntiwazimye burundu mu mateka y'Abanyarwanda, ahubwo wongeye kugarurwa na Leta y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, kugira ngo usubize agaciro indangagaciro zaranze igihugu.
Uyu munsi, Umuganura urenze kuba umunsi wo gusangira umusaruro; ni umwanya wo kwishimira ibyo igihugu kimaze kugeraho, kwigira ku mateka no kongera kwiyemeza kubaka u Rwanda rushingiye ku bumwe, umurimo no kwigira.
Inteko y'Umuco igaragaza ko Umuganura utarangira ku kwishimira umusaruro gusa, ahubwo ubumbatiye indangagaciro shingiro ziranga Umunyarwanda.
Muri zo harimo gukunda Igihugu n'abagituye, kugikorera aho umuntu ari hose no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ryacyo, kurinda ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda no kwamagana amacakubiri ayo ari yo yose, ndetse no kwitabira umurimo nk'ishingiro ryo kwigira n'ubudaheranwa.
Umuganura kandi wibutsa Abanyarwanda indangagaciro z'ubupfura zirimo gusangira, gusabana, gufashanya, kuzigama, kwita ku bafite intege nke no gufasha abahuye n'ibibazo, bityo ugakomeza kuba isoko y'ubumwe, ubwitange n'iterambere rirambye ry'Igihugu.
Ni yo mpamvu ukomeje gufatwa nk'umwe mu nkingi z'ingenzi z'umuco Nyarwanda, ndetse n'umunsi uhuza Abanyarwanda aho bari hose ku Isi, bakibuka inkomoko yabo n'indangagaciro zabubatse.