Urugero rwa Pascaline Kelechi, umukobwa w’imyaka 25 ukorera i Glasgow mu Bwongereza, rwerekana ko bishoboka ko umuntu yakwizigamira amafaranga atari make n’ubwo afite umushahara muto [mu Bwongereza]. Ibanga nta rindi ni ukwirinda gusesagura, kwirinda kuba mu buzima buhenze bijyanye n'amafaranga winjiza buri kwezi.
Pascaline akorera umushahara wa £21,000 ku mwaka (hafi miliyoni 28 Frw ku mwaka cyangwa Miliyoni 2.3 Frw ku kwezi), ariko mu mezi 14 gusa yashoboye kuzigama arenga £9,800 (hafi miliyoni 13 Frw) ndetse avuga ko muri 2030 azaba amaze kwizigamira arenga £30,000 [Miliyoni 58 Frw] azamufasha kugura inzura, gukora ubukwe n'ibindi.
Imibare y'uko rwa Pascaline akoresha umushahara we, igaragaza ko umuntu uhembwa ibihumbi 200 Frw buri kwezi, yagakwiye kujya yizigamira ibihumbi 90 Frw buri kwezi, kandi bigakorwa mu buryo buhoraho. Niba uhembwa ibihumbi 100 Frw, wagakwiye kwizigama nibura ibihumbi 40 Frw. Byagerwaho binyuze mu gufungura konti uzajya unyuzaho aya mafaranga yo kwizigama ukimara guhembwa.
Uburyo Pascaline yakoresheje ngo abashe kwizigamira aya mafaranga hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'umushahara we:
Kwiyishyura mbere (Pay yourself first): Akimara guhembwa, Pascaline yahitaga abanza gukuraho amafaranga yo kuzigama mbere y’uko akoreshwa ku bindi. Yari afite konti nyinshi umunani (8), buri imwe igenewe intego runaka: nk’iyo ku bukwe bwe, indi yo kugura inzu, indi yo ku ngendo n’indi yo kwizigama rusange. Ibi byatumaga buri gihe abasha kubona ko intego ze ziri kwitabwaho.
Gushyiraho "48-hour rule": Mbere yo kugura ikintu kitari ngombwa, yashyiragaho amasaha 48 yo kubitekerezaho. Iyo igihe cyarangiraga agasanga atagikeneye koko, yahitaga abireka. Ibi byamufashije kurwanya “gushaka kugura ibintu mu buryo bw’amarangamutima”.
Kugabanya imyidagaduro ihenze: Pascaline yagabanyije amafaranga yajyaga akoresha igihe yasohokanye n'inshuti. Yashyizeho ingengo y’imari hagati ya £50–£80 ku kwezi yo gusohoka no kwishimisha.
Ariko akenshi yahitagamo ibikorwa bidahenze cyangwa by’ubuntu, nko kujya mu bikorwa rusange, gukora siporo, cyangwa gutegura amafunguro menshi rimwe (batch cooking) kugira ngo atazajya agura ibiryo buri munsi.
Kwimenyereza kudakoresha uburyo bw'ikarita: Yakuyeho uburyo bwa Apple Pay kandi ahagarika gukoresha ikarita [VISA Card] kuri porogaramu zimwe na zimwe zo kugura. Ibi byatumaga abanza gutekereza cyane mbere yo gukoresha amafaranga.
Mu gihe kitarenze imyaka ibiri, Pascaline yari amaze kuzigama hafi £10,000. Intego ye ni ugukomeza kuzigama kugeza agize £30,000 mu 2030, amafaranga azamufasha mu bukwe bwe ndetse no kuba yabona amafaranga yo gutanga nk’ingwate mu kugura inzu (deposit), hagati ya £10,000 na £15,000.
Inama rusange ku bashaka kuzigama umushahara muto
Nk'uko tubicyesha The Sun, niba ufite umushahara muto ariko ukifuza kuzigama amafaranga menshi, izi nama zafashije na Pascaline zishobora nawe kugufasha:
1.Shyiraho ingengo y’imari isobanutse: Uburyo bwa 50/30/20 bwagufasha: 50 % ku byo ukeneye by’ibanze (ibiribwa, inzu, ingendo), 30 % ku byo wifuza (imyidagaduro, imyenda), ndetse na 20 % ku kuzigama no kwishyura amadeni.
2.Koresha uburyo bwo kwizigama bwikora (automated saving): Gushyiraho ko amafaranga ajya kuri konti yo kwizigama ako kanya umaze guhembwa, mbere y’uko uyakoresha ku bindi, ni uburyo bwiza buzakurinda gusesagura ugura ibitari ngombwa.
3.Genzura imikoreshereze y'amafaranga yawe buri kwezi: Reba amafaranga yawe yose asohoka. Hari abatazi ko bakoresha amafaranga menshi mu bintu bitagaragara nka 'subscription' zidakoreshwa, internet ebyiri, cyangwa kugura serivisi zitari ngombwa.
4.Shyiraho intego zifatika mu gihe runaka: Niba intego yawe ari ukwizigamira amafaranga yo kugura inzu mu myaka itanu, shyiraho uko uzajya uzigama buri kwezi kandi ubishyire mu bikorwa. Bizagufasha kubika amafaranga uzakenera mu bihe biri imbere, aho kuyabona uhita uyangiza mu bidafite inyungu.
Intego ufite igira uruhare rukomeye mu kuzigama kwawe, urugero niba ubona uzakenera kugura imodoka mu gihe kizaza, uratangira gushyira amafaranga amwe ku ruhande uyu munsi yo kuzakoresha iki gikorwa, ariko na none ibi bikorwa bigerwaho mu gihe gito ntibigomba kukwibagiza kuzigamira igihe kirekire kizaza nko mu gihe uzaba utakiri ku kazi cyangwa uri mu za bukuru.
5.Zigama amafaranga yo gukoresha mu buryo butunguranye: Gerageza guhora ufite ikigega cya “emergency fund” gishobora kugufasha igihe habaye ikibazo gitunguranye, nk’uburwayi cyangwa gusana ibintu mu rugo.
6.Jya usuzuma iby’inyungu mu bikorwa by’igihe kirekire: Niba bishoboka, shaka konti zo kuzigama zitanga inyungu cyangwa ushyire amafaranga muri pension kugira ngo azakomeze kwiyongera.
Urugero rwa Pascaline Kelechi rwerekana ko kuzigama bidaterwa n’umushahara gusa, ahubwo biterwa n’imyitwarire n’imyanzuro umuntu afata buri munsi. Nta mbaraga zidasanzwe zisabwa, ahubwo bisaba 'discipline', intego, n’ubushishozi mu gukoresha amafaranga.
Nk’uko Pascaline abivuga: “Kwizigama ntabwo bisaba kuba ukungahaye, uri umuherwe. Bisaba gufata icyemezo cyo gushyira intego imbere ya byose, no guca ku bintu bitari ngombwa. Iyo ubikomeje, ibigaragara nk’inzozi bihinduka impamo.”
Minisitiri w’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo, Amb. Nkulikiyinka Christine, aherutse kugira inama abanyarwanda ku bijyanye no kwizigama, avuga ko “Nta mafaranga aba make iyo uzigama". Yumvikanishije ko amafaranga yose wakwizigama, aba afite agaciro gakomeye mu gihe kizaza, bityo ntawukwiye gucika intege ngo abe yabireka kuko yumva ari macye.
Yasabye abakozi n’abakoresha baba aba leta n’abikorera kwizigama no gushora ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane cyangwa mu bundi buryo bwashyizweho kuko akabando k’iminsi gacibwa kare kakabikwa kure. Ati: "Nta mafaranga aba make iyo uzigama".
"Iyo ari make ariko mukayahuza aba menshi agatubuka agashorwa mu mishinga, ba nyirayo bakunguka n’igihugu kikunguka. Ni amafaranga ajya mu bukungu bw’igihugu na ba bandi babura amafaranga y’igishoro bakaboneka. Twese tubyinjiyemo igihugu cyatera imbere n’abizigamye bikaba uko".
Umuhanga mu bijyanye n'Ubukungu akaba n'Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RNIT, Jonathan Gatera, yigeze kubwira abanyamakuru uko kwizigamira bikwiye gukorwa anibutsa ko bidahenze. Ati: “Kumva ko uzizigamira kubera ko wasaguye ntabwo ari byo, kwizigamira bigomba kujya mu muco wacu, uhembwe agire nibura nk’ibihumbi bibiri, [...] ariko ushobora no kujya wizigamira ayo ubonye, kandi uburyo bwo kwizigamiramo bwarorohejwe.”
Yagiriye inama urubyiruko rw'u Rwanda ati: “Mu by’ukuri umuntu wizigamira ntabwo utegereza ko usagura, abana b’iki gihe bakwiye kwigishwa ibintu byo kwizigamira, ibintu byo gusesagura bakabireka kuko abana na bo bashobora kwizigamira... ingamba zihari ni ukwigisha cyane urubyiruko, ariko n’abakuze na bo twifuza ko bahindura imyumvire bagashyira imbaraga mu kwizigamira mbere y’uko bagira ibindi bakora".
Amb Nkulikiyinka Christine avuga ko nta mafaranga aba macye iyo uzigama
Pascaline yahishuye ko muri 2030 azaba amaze kwizigama miliyoni 58 Frw