Uwo muntu yari umwana w'Umufaransa w'imyaka icyenda witwaga Joseph Meister, wari umaze kurumwa inshuro nyinshi n'imbwa bikekwa ko yari yanduye rabies. Mu gihe benshi bari bazi ko nta cyizere yari agifite cyo kubaho, umuhanga mu bya siyansi Louis Pasteur yafashe icyemezo cyahinduye amateka y'ubuvuzi ku Isi.
Mbere y'uko haboneka uru rukingo, rabies yari imwe mu ndwara zatinywaga cyane ku Isi. Iyo umuntu yarumwaga n'imbwa cyangwa indi nyamaswa yanduye, akenshi nta buryo bwo kumurokora bwabaga buhari iyo ibimenyetso by'indwara byatangiraga kugaragara. Virusi itera rabies yibasira ubwonko n'imyakura y'umubiri, ku buryo iyo itavuwe kare, ihitana hafi buri wese wayanduye.
Iyi ni yo mpamvu Louis Pasteur, wari usanzwe azwi cyane mu bushakashatsi ku ndwara ziterwa na mikorobe, yatangiye gukora ubushakashatsi bushya bugamije gushaka urukingo rwakurinda iyi ndwara.
Icyemezo cyafashwe kirimo ibyago byinshi
Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi akorera ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa, ku wa 6 Nyakanga 1885, Pasteur yahuye n'ikibazo gikomeye. Joseph Meister yari amaze kurumwa inshuro nyinshi n'imbwa bikekwa ko yari yanduye rabies.
Umuryango we wamugejeje kwa Pasteur usaba ubufasha, nubwo icyo gihe Pasteur atari umuganga wabiherewe uburenganzira bwo kuvura abantu, ahubwo yari umuhanga mu bya siyansi.
Nyuma yo kugisha inama abaganga, Pasteur yafashe icyemezo gikomeye cyo gukoresha ku muntu bwa mbere urukingo yari amaze imyaka myinshi akoraho ubushakashatsi.
Mu minsi 10 yakurikiyeho, Joseph Meister yahawe inkingo nyinshi. Nyuma y'ibyumweru bike, byaragaragaye ko atigeze arwara rabies. Icyo gihe ni bwo Isi yatangiye kubona ko indwara yari ifatwa nk'ihitana buri wayanduye ishobora gukumirwa.
Inkuru y'umwana wari utegerejwe gupfa ariko agakira yakwirakwiriye hirya no hino ku Isi. Abantu batandukanye batangiye kujya i Paris bashaka urukingo rwa Pasteur, bituma mu mwaka wa 1888 hashyirwaho Pasteur Institute, ikigo cyakomerejeho ubushakashatsi ku nkingo n'izindi ndwara zandura.
Iki kigo cyabaye kimwe mu byamamaye ku Isi mu guteza imbere ubushakashatsi bw'ubuvuzi.
Uru rukingo rwafunguye amarembo y'izindi nkingo
Abahanga mu mateka y'ubuvuzi bagaragaza ko intsinzi ya Pasteur itarokoye abarwayi ba rabies gusa.
Yafunguye inzira y'ubushakashatsi bwavuyemo inkingo zagiye zirwanya indwara nyinshi zirimo diphtheria, tetanus, polio, hepatitis, n'izindi nyinshi zakijije ubuzima bwa za miliyoni z'abantu.
Byabaye ikimenyetso gikomeye cyerekanye ko siyansi ishobora gutsinda indwara zari zarafatwaga nk'izidakira.
Rabies iracyahitana benshi n'ubu
Nubwo hashize imyaka irenga 140 uru rukingo rubonetse, rabies iracyari ikibazo cy'ubuzima rusange mu bice bimwe by'Isi.
Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) rigaragaza ko rabies ihitana abantu bagera ku 59,000 buri mwaka, cyane cyane muri Afurika na Aziya, aho inkingo n'ubuvuzi bitagerwaho na bose.
Icyakora, iyo umuntu ahawe urukingo vuba nyuma yo kurumwa n'inyamaswa yanduye, amahirwe yo kurokoka aba ari menshi cyane.
Kuki uru rukingo rwahinduye amateka y'ubuvuzi?
Abahanga bagaragaza ko urukingo rwa rabies rwahinduye Isi kubera impamvu eshatu z'ingenzi. Mbere na mbere, rwerekanye ko indwara zica zishobora gukumirwa hifashishijwe inkingo.
Icya kabiri, rwafunguye inzira y'ubushakashatsi bwavuyemo izindi nkingo zakijije ubuzima bwa za miliyoni z'abantu. Icya gatatu, rwongereye icyizere cy'uko ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bushobora kubona ibisubizo ku ndwara zari zarabaye umutwaro ku Isi.
Hashize imyaka irenga 140 Louis Pasteur akijije ubuzima bwa Joseph Meister, ariko ingaruka z'icyo gikorwa ziracyagaragara kugeza n'ubu.
Urwo rukingo rwabaye intangiriro y'ibihe bishya mu buvuzi, aho inkingo zakomeje kurokora ubuzima bw'abaturage babarirwa muri za miliyari ku Isi. Ni yo mpamvu kugeza n'uyu munsi, urukingo rwa rabies rufatwa nk'imwe mu ntsinzi zikomeye kurusha izindi mu mateka ya siyansi n'ubuvuzi, ndetse rukaba rwarahinduye uburyo Isi ihangana n'indwara zandura.