Imibare y'Ubukungu bwa Afurika (GDP)
Mu mwaka wa 2024, ubukungu bwa Afurika bwiteze kugera ku $3.0 Trillion, bikaba byerekana ko uyu mugabane urimo gutera imbere mu buryo bufatika, nubwo bitagerwaho kimwe n'indi Migabane y’ateye imbere nka Aziya n'u Burayi. Icyakora, uko ubukungu bwiyongera mu bihugu bimwe, hari ibibazo byinshi bituma iterambere ritagerwaho na bose cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.
Ubukungu bukomeje guhungabana
Ubukungu bw’akarere ka Afrika y’Uburasirazuba bwahuye n’ihungabana rikomeye, aho bwagabanutseho 12.3%, nk’uko raporo ya Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere (AfDB) ibigaragaza. Iyo raporo isobanura ko uku kugabanuka kwatewe n’impamvu zitandukanye, zirimo ibibazo by’ubukungu ku isi no mu karere.
Iri hungabana ryateje igihombo gikomeye ku bukungu no ku mibereho y’abaturage benshi muri ako karere. Ubu leta n’abafatanyabikorwa barimo gutegura ingamba zo kuzahura ubukungu no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye. Iri gabanyuka ry’ubukungu ni isomo rikomeye rigaragaza intege nke z’ubukungu bwa Afurika y’Uburasirazuba, cyane cyane mu gihe habaye ihungabana mpuzamahanga.
Dore uko ubukungu bwa Afurika buhagaze mu buryo bw'imibare n'isesengura:
Ubushomeri n'Ubukene.
Mu 2024, ubushomeri muri Afurika bugaragara ku gipimo cya 6.8%, ariko bushobora kuba bukiri hejuru cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere. Urubyiruko rw'abari munsi y’imyaka 25, rufite ubushomeri bw'ikirenga ku gipimo cya 30%. Kandi, abakene muri Afurika baracyari benshi, aho 30% by’abaturage bakomeje kubaho mu bukene bukabije, bagakora ku kigereranyo cya $1.90 ku munsi, cyane cyane mu bihugu nka Nigeria, DRC na Ethiopia.
Ubukungu bushingiye ku Mutungo Kamere
Ibihugu bya Afurika nka Nigeria, Afurika y'Epfo, Angola na Algeria bifite ubukungu bukomeye bushingiye ku mutungo kamere, cyane cyane peteroli, Zahabu, n’Amabuye y'agaciro. Ariko, guhindagurika kw’ibiciro ku masoko mpuzamahanga byagize ingaruka zikomeye bishingiye ku bukungu bw'umutungo Kamere.
Ibikorwa Remezo n'Ubukerarugendo
Ibihugu nka Kenya, u Rwanda, Ethiopia na Ghana byateye intambwe mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo n'ubwubatsi. Ibi byafashije ibyo bihugu kuzamura ubukungu, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo.Afurika y'Epfo, Moroccona Kenya byakoresheje neza ibikorwaremezo mu guteza imbere ubukerarugendo aho byavuye ku bihe bikomeye mu myaka yashize.
Icyerekezo cy’Ubukungu bwa Afurika
Afurika ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukomeza kuzamura ubukungu bwayo mu myaka iri imbere. Ibi bigerwaho binyuze mu mishinga ya AfCFTA (African Continental Free Trade Area), izafasha koroshya ubucuruzi no kongera ubumwe mu bihugu byo ku mugabane. Icyakora, imbogamizi zirimo gukomeza kuza mu bwiyongere bw’ubushomeri no mu bibazo by’umutekano bigikomeje kubangamira ubukungu.
Ibyifuzo by'Iterambere
Ubukungu bwa Afurika bukwiye gukomeza gushyira imbaraga mu guhanga imirimo, kongera ubushobozi bw’urubyiruko, guteza imbere ibikorwaremezo, no kwita ku mutekano. Ikoranabuhanga, ubuhinzi bushingiye ku iterambere, ndetse n’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu ni byo bizateza imbere ubukungu bw’umugabane mu buryo burambye.
Imikoreshereze n'Inzego z’Ubushakashatsi
Ubukungu bwa Afurika bugerageza gukura, ariko ni ngombwa ko hakomeza gushyirwa imbaraga mu kongera umusaruro w’inganda, gukora ishoramari rishya, no kwita ku bikorwa by'ubuzima, uburezi, n’imibereho myiza y'abaturage.
Iyi mibare igaragaza ko Afurika ikomeje kugerageza guteza imbere ubukungu bwayo, ariko ibibazo by'umutekano, ubushomeri n'ubukene bikiri imbere. Gukora cyane mu gutunganya umusaruro, ikoranabuhanga, no gushyigikira urubyiruko bizaba inzira y’ingenzi mu kugera ku ntego z'iterambere rirambye.
Umwanditisi: Tuyihimitima Irene