Mu mwaka wa 2013, itsinda ry'abashakashatsi bayobowe na John Dunlosky, umwarimu wa Psychology muri Kent State University muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ryasesenguye uburyo 10 bukunze gukoreshwa n'abanyeshuri mu kwiga.
Ubwo bushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Psychological Science in the Public Interest, bugaragaza ko uburyo bwinshi abanyeshuri bakoresha buri munsi—nko gusubiramo inyandiko inshuro nyinshi cyangwa guca akarongo ku magambo y'ingenzi—budatanga umusaruro ukomeye nk'uko abantu benshi babyibwira.
Ahubwo bwagaragaje ko uburyo bwo kwisuzuma ibyo wize (practice testing) no gusubiramo amasomo mu bihe bitandukanye (spaced practice) ari bwo bukora neza kurusha ubundi.
Abahanga bavuga ko ikibazo atari umubare w'amasaha umuntu yiga, ahubwo ari uko ayo masaha akoreshwa. Hari abanyeshuri bamara amasaha atandatu basoma inyandiko imwe inshuro nyinshi, ariko ntibagerageze kwisuzuma niba bayumvise. Ubwonko bw'umuntu bwiga neza iyo busabwe kwibuka amakuru aho kuyareba gusa.
Undi mushakashatsi uzwi cyane, Henry L. Roediger III, afatanyije na Jeffrey D. Karpicke bo muri Washington University in St. Louis, bakoze ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko abanyeshuri bihora bibaza ibibazo ku byo bize cyangwa bakora ibizamini byo kwigerageza bibafasha kwibuka igihe kirekire kurusha abahora basoma inyandiko imwe. Ibi bizwi nka retrieval practice cyangwa testing effect.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana kandi ko gusinzira neza bifite uruhare runini mu myigire. Mu gihe umuntu asinziriye, ubwonko butunganya amakuru bwize ku manywa bukayabika mu buryo burambye. Ni yo mpamvu kwiga ijoro ryose udasinziriye akenshi bitanga umusaruro muke mu bizamini.
Abahanga banagaragaza ko kwiga amasaha menshi nta karuhuko bishobora gutuma ubwonko bunanirwa. Ahubwo basaba ko umuntu yakwiga mu byiciro bigufi, akaruhuka hagati yabyo, hanyuma akagaruka ku masomo nyuma y'igihe runaka. Ubu buryo bwa spaced repetition bwagaragaye ko bwongera ubushobozi bwo kwibuka igihe kirekire.
Ikindi kintu cyagaragaye ni uko abanyeshuri bigisha abandi cyangwa basobanura ibyo bize mu magambo yabo ubwabo bakunda kubyumva neza kurusha abahora babisoma. Abahanga bita ibi self-explanation, kandi na bwo buri mu buryo bwagaragaye ko bufasha cyane abanyeshuri.
Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bugaragaza ko gutsinda bitaterwa no kumara amasaha menshi wiga gusa. Ahubwo biterwa no gukoresha uburyo bwemejwe n'abahanga, nko kwisuzuma ibyo wize, gusubiramo amasomo mu bihe bitandukanye, gusobanurira abandi ibyo wize no guha ubwonko igihe gihagije cyo kuruhuka no gusinzira.
Ni yo mpamvu abanyeshuri bamwe basoma igihe gito ariko bagakoresha uburyo bwiza bashobora gutsinda kurusha abamara umunsi wose imbere y'ibitabo.