Impamvu zituma ibi bihugu bizamuka ku muvuduko wo hejuru zirimo gukenera cyane umutungo kamere, ibikomoka ku buhinzi ndetse n’ubwikorezi, byiyongera ku mbaraga zishyirwa mu kwishyira hamwe k’uturere. Biteganyijwe ko ubucuruzi bwa Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara buzazamuka ku muvuduko wa 5,3% buri mwaka hagati ya 2024 na 2029, ugereranyije na 0,8% byari biriho hagati ya 2019 na 2024.
Ibihugu 10 bya Afurika biri ku isonga mu bucuruzi buhagaze neza
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo: Yazamutseho 16% hagati ya 2019–2024, ikaba izwi cyane mu kohereza umuringa na cobalt, bikenewe cyane mu gukora bateri z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga rishya. Biteganyijwe ko izakomeza kuzamuka ku 10% kugeza mu 2029.
Zimbabwe: Yiyongereyeho 14%, ishingiye cyane ku musaruro w’amabuye y’agaciro nka zahabu, ndetse no kuzahuka k’ubuhinzi.
Liberia: Yazamutseho 13%, bitewe n’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro no kuba ikirangantego cy’ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi (flag-of-convenience).
Côte d’Ivoire: Yazamutseho 11%, ikaba ari iya mbere ku isi mu kohereza kakao, n’amavuta y’ibiti bya rubber.
U Rwanda: Rwagaragaje izamuka rya 9% hagati ya 2019–2024, ryatewe ahanini no kohereza zahabu, cassitérite na coltan, ndetse no kuba ikigega cy’akarere mu by’ubwikorezi.
Guinée: Yazamutseho 8%, bitewe ahanini no kohereza cya bauxite ikenerwa mu gukora aluminium.
Tanzania: Yazamutseho 7%, ishingiye ku musaruro wa zahabu n’ikawa, ndetse n’inyungu ziva mu ishoramari mu bikorwaremezo.
Togo: Yazamutseho 6%, ishingiye ku bicuruzwa by’ubutaka birimo phosphates, ipamba, ndetse n’ubucuruzi buturuka ku cyambu.
Mozambique: Yazamutseho 6%, ifite agaciro mu kohereza aluminium, amabuye ya carbone, ndetse no kwinjira mu bucukuzi bwa gazi metane.
Senegal: Yazamutseho 5%, ishingiye ku bicuruzwa by’ubutaka birimo phosphates, zahabu ndetse n’ibikomoka ku bworozi bw’amafi.
Amahirwe n’imbogamizi mu bucuruzi bwa Afurika
Uburyo Afurika iri kwiyubaka mu rwego rwo kuba isoko ry’ingenzi mu gusangira isi umutungo ushingiye ku mirasire y’izuba, amashanyarazi meza n’imodoka zikoresha ingufu zitangiza ibidukikije, bituma ibihugu byayo bibona agaciro gakomeye mu gutanga amabuye y’agaciro nka cobalt, umuringa, bauxite na manganese.
Nanone, Afurika irimo kugenda ifata umwanya ukomeye mu bukungu bw’ibiribwa ku rwego rw’isi, ikohereza ibikomoka ku buhinzi birimo kakawo, ibinyampeke, inkoreke, ndetse n’amafi, bigira uruhare mu mutekano w’ibiribwa muri Aziya, Uburayi no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati.
Ariko nubwo iri kuzamuka, haracyari imbogamizi zikomeye zirimo kwishingikiriza cyane ku bicuruzwa by’ibanze, bigatuma izamuka ry’ubucuruzi rigendera ku mpinduka z’ibiciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Nanone, ibiciro byo gutwara ibintu muri Afurika biri hejuru cyane—aho bigera ku nshuro eshanu kurusha muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi bikaba hejuru ku kigero cya 40–60% ugereranyije n’ahandi ku isi.
Ikindi gikomeye ni uko Afurika ikomeje guhura n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Raporo mpuzamahanga iheruka yagaragaje ko abantu barenga miliyoni 90 bo mu Burasirazuba no mu majyepfo ya Afurika bahuye n’inzara kubera amapfa y’igihe kirekire, aho muri Zimbabwe gusa umusaruro w’ibigori wagabanutseho 70%.
Afurika mu ishusho y’ubucuruzi ku isi
Nubwo ibihugu bikomeye nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na China bikomeje kuba ku isonga mu ngano y’ubucuruzi, umuvuduko wabyo wagabanyutse, bikaba byaje ku mwanya wa 72 n’uwa 77 mu rwego rw’ubwiyongere hagati ya 2019–2024. Ariko bitewe n’ingano yabyo, byagize uruhare rwa hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’izamuka ry’ubucuruzi ku isi.
India yo yazamutse ku muvuduko wa 5,2% muri icyo gihe, iba igihugu cya gatatu ku isi cyagize uruhare rukomeye mu izamuka ry’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Mu buryo bumwe, Afurika nayo iri kubaka ahazaza h’ubucuruzi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga n’ubucuruzi bugezweho, aho raporo ya UNCTAD yerekanye ko ubucuruzi bwo kuri internet bwazamutse buva kuri tiriyari 1,9 z’amadolari mu 2016 bugera kuri tiriyari 2,9 mu 2022, kandi buzagenda bwiyongera. Ibi bikaba ari amahirwe mashya ku bigo byo muri Afurika yo kwinjira mu masoko mpuzamahanga badakeneye ibikorwaremezo bihenze.
Uko bigaragara, Afurika iri mu nzira yo kugira uruhare rukomeye mu guhindura imiterere y’ubucuruzi ku isi: uhereye ku gutanga amabuye y’agaciro akenewe mu ngufu zisukuye, kugaburira imiryango yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, kugeza ku gutanga ibikoresho by’ingenzi mu nganda zo muri Aziya.