Iki cyemezo cya Roma kije nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’ibiganiro hagati ya Cairo na Addis Ababa, ariko impande zombi zikaba zarananiwe kumvikana ku masezerano ahamye agenga uburyo urwo rugomero ruzajya rukoresha amazi ya Nile.
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Butaliyani, Antonio Tajani, yatangaje ko igihugu cye cyiteguye gufasha impande zombi kugera ku biganiro bihamye no gushaka umuti w’iki kibazo, mu gihe Misiri ikomeje gusaba ko habaho amasezerano yubahirizwa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Iki kibazo ahanini gishingiye ku rugomero rwa GERD. Urugomero rwa Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, ruzwi nka GERD, rwubatswe na Ethiopia ku ruzi rwa Nil y’Ubururu, rumwe mu nzuzi zigize Nil.
Ethiopia yatangiye kubaka uru rugomero muri 2011, irutaha ku mugaragaro muri Nzeri 2025. Uru rugomero rwubatswe ku giciro kigera kuri miliyari 5 z’amadolari, kandi rufite ubushobozi bwo kubyaza amashanyarazi agera kuri Megawatt 5,150.
Kuri Ethiopia, GERD ni umushinga w’ingenzi mu kongera amashanyarazi, guteza imbere ubukungu no kugeza umuriro w’amashanyarazi ku baturage benshi, ndetse no kuba igihugu cyagira ubushobozi bwo kohereza amashanyarazi mu bihugu bituranye. Ariko Misiri ibona uru rugomero mu buryo butandukanye.
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’ikinyamakuru Business Insider Africa, Misiri ishingira ku ruzi rwa Nil ku kigero gikomeye cyane, kuko uru ruzi ari isoko y’ingenzi y’amazi akoreshwa mu gihugu.
Cairo ivuga ko ibikorwa bya Ethiopia byo kubika no gukoresha amazi ya Nil y’Ubururu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mazi agera muri Misiri, cyane cyane mu bihe by’amapfa.
Ni yo mpamvu Misiri imaze igihe isaba ko habaho amasezerano ahamye kandi yubahirizwa n’amategeko, agena uburyo urugomero rwa GERD ruzuzuzwa kandi rugakora, cyane cyane mu gihe habaye amapfa cyangwa ibihe by’amazi make.
Ku wa 3 Nzeri 2026, Perezida wa Misiri Abdel Fattah el-Sisi yongeye gushimangira ko igihugu cye kidashaka ibikorwa bya Ethiopia bikorwa ku ruhande rumwe ku ruzi rwa Nil, avuga ko Misiri ifite uburenganzira bwo kurinda umutekano w’amazi n’ibiribwa byayo.
Ku ruhande rwa Ethiopia, GERD isobanurwa nk’umushinga w’iterambere w’igihugu ugamije gukemura ikibazo cy’amashanyarazi no guteza imbere ubukungu.
Addis Ababa yakomeje kuvuga ko idashaka kubuza Misiri cyangwa Sudan kubona amazi ya Nil, ariko ikanga ko yashyirwaho amasezerano aha ibindi bihugu ububasha bukabije ku buryo Ethiopia ikoresha umutungo w’amazi uri ku butaka bwayo.
Ibi ni byo byatumye impande zombi zimara imyaka myinshi zitabasha kumvikana ku masezerano y’igihe kirekire.
Minisitiri Antonio Tajani yatangaje ko u Butaliyani bwiteguye gufasha Misiri na Ethiopia mu biganiro, ariko ko ibyo bizakorwa ari uko impande zombi zabyemeye.
Tajani yavuze ko igisubizo cy’ikibazo kigomba kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga kandi kikita ku mpungenge Misiri ifite ku bijyanye n’amazi ya Nil. Yongeyeho ko u Butaliyani bushobora gukoresha umubano mwiza bufite na Ethiopia kugira ngo bufashe mu koroshya ibiganiro hagati y’impande zombi.
Ibi bituma u Butaliyani bwinjira mu bikorwa byo gushaka umuti w’ikibazo nyuma y’uko izindi nzira z’ibiganiro, zirimo izayobowe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, zitabashije kugeza impande zombi ku masezerano ahamye.
Uruhare rw’u Butaliyani ntirushingiye gusa ku kuba ari igihugu cyo hanze gishaka gufasha mu biganiro. Roma ifitanye umubano ukomeye na Ethiopia, ndetse na Misiri, haba mu bijyanye na politiki, ubucuruzi n’ishoramari.
U Butaliyani kandi bufite aho buhurira n’umushinga wa GERD, kuko kompanyi yo mu Butaliyani Webuild ari yo yari iri imbere mu kubaka uru rugomero.
U Butaliyani bwatanze kandi inkunga n’inguzanyo byafashije mu mishinga ijyanye n’iterambere muri Ethiopia, mu gihe ubucuruzi hagati y’u Butaliyani na Misiri na bwo bukomeje kuba ingenzi.
GERD ntabwo ari yo yonyine iri gutera impungenge Cairo. Muri 2026, Ethiopia yatangiye gutegura indi mishinga y’ingomero ku gice cya Nil y’Ubururu, irimo Karadobi, Mandaya na Beko Abo.
Iyo mishinga iramutse yubatswe uko iteganyijwe, ishobora kongera ubushobozi bwa Ethiopia bwo kubyaza amashanyarazi amazi ya Nil, ariko Misiri ikaba ikomeza gusaba ibisobanuro ku buryo amazi azajya abikwa kandi arekurwa.
Ibi byatumye Cairo ishimangira ko idashaka ko habaho indi mishinga minini ku ruzi rwa Nil ikorwa na Ethiopia itabanje kuganira n’ibihugu biri munsi y’urwo ruzi.
Sudan na yo ifite uruhare rukomeye muri iki kibazo kuko iri hagati ya Ethiopia na Misiri kandi ikaba iri ku ruzi rwa Nil.
Ku buryo GERD n’izindi ngomero zo muri Ethiopia zikoresha amazi bushobora kugira ingaruka no kuri Sudan, bitewe n’uko amazi abikwa n’igihe arekurwa.
Ni yo mpamvu Misiri na Sudan byombi byagiye bisaba ko habaho uburyo buhamye bwo guhanahana amakuru no kumvikana ku mikorere y’ingomero, cyane cyane mu bihe by’amapfa.
Kugeza ubu, nta masezerano mashya hagati ya Misiri na Ethiopia aratangazwa.
U Butaliyani buri gutanga ubufasha mu biganiro mu gihe ikibazo cya Nil kimaze igihe kinini kidakemuka, kandi impande zombi zikomeje kugira ibitekerezo bitandukanye ku buryo amazi y’uruzi akwiye gukoreshwa.
Niba Roma izabasha gufasha impande zombi kugera ku masezerano, yaba ari indi ntambwe ikomeye mu gushaka igisubizo cy’amakimbirane amaze imyaka hafi azengurutse uruzi rwa Nil n’urugomero rwa GERD.