Uyu muco umaze ibinyejana byinshi ukorwa muri Tibet no mu bindi bice bifitanye isano n’umuco wa Tibet, kandi ufatwa nk’umuhango w’icyubahiro ushingiye ku myemerere ya Budisime.
Ijambo rya Tibet jhator risobanura “gutanga impano ku nyoni.” Abashakashatsi n’amateka ya Budisime bagaragaza ko uyu muco umaze igihe kirekire cyane ukorwa mu misozi ya Tibet.
Nubwo bidashoboka kugaragaza umwaka nyawo watangiriyeho, inyandiko n’ubuhamya bw’amateka byerekana ko wari usanzwe ukoreshwa nibura kuva mu kinyejana cya 11 cyangwa icya 12, kandi ushobora kuba waratangiye mbere y’aho mu migenzo y’abaturage ba Tibet mbere yo kwakira Budisime.
Budisime yinjiye muri Tibet kuva mu kinyejana cya 7 ku ngoma y’Umwami Songtsen Gampo. Nyuma y’aho, inyigisho zayo ku buzima, urupfu, no kudafatirana ibintu byo ku Isi zagiye zigira uruhare rukomeye mu gusobanura impamvu sky burial yabaye umuhango wemewe kandi wubahwa.
Impamvu uyu muco wabayeho
Umuco wo gushyingura mu kirere wa Tibet wavutse kandi ukomeza kubaho bitewe n’impamvu zishingiye ku miterere y’aho utuye, imyemerere y’idini, n’uburyo abaturage babona isano iri hagati y’umuntu na kamere.
Tibet ni agace kari ku misozi miremire cyane, aho ubutaka bukomeye kandi bukonje byatumaga gushyingura mu butaka bigorana, mu gihe gutwika umurambo byasabaga inkwi nyinshi zitabonekaga byoroshye.
Mu Budisime bwo muri Tibet, umubiri ufatwa nk’igikoresho cy’igihe gito cyakoreshwaga n’ubugingo, ku buryo iyo umuntu apfuye umubiri uba utakiri “uwe”; bityo kuwutanga ku bindi binyabuzima bifatwa nk’igikorwa cy’impuhwe, gutanga, no gufasha ibindi biremwa gukomeza kubaho.
Uyu muco kandi ugaragaza ko umuntu ari igice cya kamere, aho gutanga umubiri ku nyamaswa bifatwa nk’uburyo bwo gusubiza kamere ibyo yatanze no gukomeza uruziga rw’ubuzima.
Uko umuhango ukorwa
Uburyo bwo gukora Tibetan sky burial bushobora gutandukana bitewe n’akarere, ariko muri rusange bukurikira izi ntambwe:
- Gusoma amasengesho: Nyuma y’urupfu, abihayimana ba Budisime basoma amasengesho yo gufasha ubugingo bw’umuntu gukomeza urugendo rwabwo no kugera mu mahoro.
- Gutegura umurambo: Umurambo utegurwa n’abantu babifitiye uburambe, bazwi nka rogyapas. Uyu mwuga usaba ubuhanga, kubaha, no gukurikiza amabwiriza y’idini n’umuco.
- Kujyana umurambo ahantu hihariye: Umurambo ujyanwa ku musozi cyangwa ahantu hagenwe n’umuryango n’abaturage bo muri ako gace.
- Gutanga umubiri ku nyamaswa: Iyo ibisiga n’izindi nyamaswa ziza kuwurya, bifatwa nk’ikimenyetso cyiza ko umubiri wakiriwe na kamere.
- Kurangiza umuhango: Iyo umubiri umaze kuribwa, ibisigaye bishobora gutunganywa mu buryo bwemewe n’umuco kugira ngo hatagira ibisigazwa bisigara ku buryo butubahisha uwo muhango.
Uyu muco usobanuye iki?
Uyu muhango usobanura indangagaciro nyinshi z’umuco n’imyemerere y’Abanyatibet. Gutanga umubiri ku nyamaswa bifatwa nk’igikorwa cya nyuma cy’ubugiraneza n’impuhwe, kuko umuntu afasha ibindi binyabuzima nyuma y’urupfu.
Uyu muco kandi ufatwa nk’uburyo bwo guherekeza umuntu mu cyubahiro, aho umuryango n’abaturage bahurira hamwe mu gusengera no kwibuka uwapfuye.
Kandi bigaragaza isano ikomeye hagati y’abantu, inyamaswa, n’ibidukikije by’imisozi miremire ya Himalaya, bityo ikerekana ubumwe bw’umuntu na kamere.
Mu myemerere ya Budisime, icy’ingenzi si umubiri usigaye nyuma y’urupfu, ahubwo ni ubugingo n’imyitwarire umuntu yagize akiriho. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umubiri ufatwa nk’igikoresho cy’igihe gito, mu gihe agaciro nyakuri k’umuntu kaba kari mu bikorwa bye no mu rugendo rw’ubugingo bwe.
Aho uyu muco ukorerwa
Nk’uko tubikesha urubaga rwa tibettravel.org, uyu muhango ukorerwa cyane cyane mu bice bya Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, no mu bihugu byegeranye n’umuco wa Tibet nka Mongolia, Bhutan, Nepal, ndetse no mu bice bimwe by’u Buhinde nka Sikkim na Zanskar.
Ese waba ugikorwa?
Nubwo uyu muhango wo gushyingura mu kirere ukomeje gukorwa mu bice bimwe, wagiye ihura n’impinduka zituruka ku mategeko ya Leta, ubukerarugendo, n’ihinduka ry’imibereho.
Mu bice bimwe, ahantu hakorerwa uwo muhango hashyizweho amabwiriza akomeye kugira ngo hubahirizwe umuco kandi hirindwe ko uba igikurura ba mukerarugendo batubahiriza agaciro kawo.
Abaturage benshi ba Tibet bakomeza kuwubona nk’umurage w’ingenzi w’umuco n’idini. Icyakora, nk’uko bigenda ku yindi migenzo myinshi, bamwe mu rubyiruko n’abatuye mu mijyi batangiye guhitamo ubundi buryo bwo gushyingura bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’imibereho n’amategeko.
Uyu umuco ufite amateka akomeye kandi ushingiye ku myemerere y’idini rya Budisime, imiterere y’akarere ka Tibet, ndetse no ku gitekerezo cyo gusubiza kamere ibyo umuntu yari yarahawe.
Nubwo ushobora gutera abantu benshi amatsiko kubera uburyo ukorwamo, ku bawukurikiza ni umuhango w’icyubahiro, impuhwe, no kwemera ko ubuzima bwo ku Isi ari urw’igihe gito.
Uyu muco ugaragaza uburyo imigenzo y’abantu ishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’aho batuye, amateka yabo, n’imyemerere yabo. Kwiga no gusobanukirwa Tibetan sky burial bidufasha kubaha no gusobanukirwa ubudasa bw’imico y’Isi.