U Bushinwa bwabuzaga abaturage kubyara abana benshi ubu buri kubishyura akayabo ngo babyare

Politiki y’u Bushinwa yo mu myaka ya 1980 kugeza muri 2016 yari ishyigikiye ko umuryango umwe ubyara umwana umwe gusa, abandi bagahabwa ibihano bikomeye.

Li yagize ati: "Ubuzima bwacu bwahindutse igihombo gikabije." Ku myaka icyenda gusa, yari amaze kubuzwa uburenganzira bwo kwishimira ubwana bwe. Yajyaga akora imirimo yo mu rugo kandi agacuruza amafi ku isoko ari kumwe na nyina kugira ngo babone uko bishyura amande.

Kuri ubu, Zane Li afite imyaka 25. Yiga mu cyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza i Beijing mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi, abifashijwemo n’inguzanyo yahawe. Ariko avuga ko adateze na rimwe kuzagira umwana, kubera ubuzima buhenze n’amarangamutima akomoka ku byo yabayemo akiri umwana.

U Bushinwa bwahinduye imvugo: Aho guhana ababyaye, noneho burabasaba kubyara

Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, Leta y’u Bushinwa yagiye ishyiraho ingamba zikakaye zo kugabanya umubare w’abana bavuka, harimo gukuramo inda ku gahato, gucibwa amande y’umurengera ndetse no guhagarikirwa serivisi zimwe na zimwe. Ariko uko imyaka yagiye ishira, imibare y’abana bavuka yakomeje kugabanuka ku buryo buteye impungenge, bikaba byarateje impinduka muri politiki z’igihugu.

Kuva tariki ya 1 Mutarama 2025, u Bushinwa bwatangiye kujya buhemba buri mubyeyi ubyaye umwana amafaranga 3,600 yuan (akabakaba 500$) buri mwaka, kugeza umwana yujuje imyaka itatu. Ni ingamba nshya Leta yashyizeho mu rwego rwo kongera urubyaro.

Ariko nubwo hari impinduka zigaragara mu mvugo n’ibikorwa bya Leta, urubyiruko nka Zane Li ntirubyemera. Ati: "Kurera umwana muri iki gihe ni ibintu bihenze cyane. Ayo mafaranga bavuga ni nk’amazi y'inyanja. Ntacyo yamfasha rwose."

Ubushakashatsi bw’Ikigo YuWa Institute of Population and Development bwagaragaje ko kurera umwana umwe kugeza ku myaka 18 mu Bushinwa bisaba amafaranga arenga 538,000 yuan, ni ukuvuga inshuro esheshatu z’umusaruro mbumbe ku muturage. Muri Shanghai, ho ibiciro bihanitse kurushaho, aho bishobora kugera kuri miliyoni imwe ya yuan.

Politiki y’umwana umwe yakuweho mu 2016, isimbuzwa iyemerera abaturage kubyara abana babiri, nyuma yongera kuvugururwa mu 2021 aho umuntu yemerewe kugeza ku bana batatu. Nubwo ari gahunda nshya, ntabwo byahinduye ibintu ku muvuduko Leta yifuzaga.

Mu 2024, Leta y’u Bushinwa yatangaje gahunda ya miliyari 90 z’ama-yuan (asaga miliyari 12.5 z’amadolari) yo gufasha imiryango itishoboye irenga miliyoni 20. Ibyo bizajyana no kongera ikiruhuko ku babyeyi, kubafasha kubona amacumbi no koroshya uburyo bwo kubona serivisi z’ubuvuzi n’uburezi.

Emma Zang, inzobere mu mibare y’abaturage akaba n’umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya Yale, yavuze ko ubu butumwa Leta itanga busobanutse neza, aho yagize ati: "Ubu si ugusaba gusa, ahubwo harimo no guhemba."

Ariko nanone, Zang yibutsa ko ibi bihembo bidahagije. Ati: “Ibibazo urubyiruko rufite ntibikemurwa n’amafaranga gusa. Ibyo ubona no mu bihugu nka Koreya y’Epfo na Japan aho imbaraga zashyizwe mu gushyigikira imiryango, ariko ntibigire icyo bihindura ku rwego rw’urubyaro.”

Ingaruka z’amateka: Abana bamwe barahabutswe

Mu baturage benshi, hari abakuze bafite igikomere gikomeye cyatewe na politiki y’umwana umwe. Gao, umukobwa w’imyaka 27 wo mu Ntara ya Jiangsu, avuga ko yakuze atifuzwa n’umuryango we. Yavutse ari uwa gatanu nyuma y’abakobwa bane. Nyina yamuhishe igihe kirekire kubera ubwoba bwo guhanwa.

Gao avuga ko ubuzima yanyuzemo bwatumye yiyemeza kutazashaka cyangwa ngo abyare. Ati: "Kutagira umwana ni urukundo. Sinshaka ko undi muntu yakura yumva ko atifuzwa nk’uko byangendekeye."

Zhao June, w’imyaka 29, nawe avuga ko nta mugambi afite wo kugira umwana. Yakuriye i Beijing, mu gace ka Haidian kazwiho amashuri akomeye. Ati: "Ubuzima bw’ababyeyi bacu, cyane cyane abagore, bwari bubabaje. Kubyara umwana byasa no kwiyemeza guhara ibitekerezo byawe byose."

Abagore barasabwa kwitanga cyane kurusha ubushobozi bafite

Nubwo Leta ishyira imbaraga mu gushishikariza abantu kubyara, hari icyuho kinini hagati y’imvugo n’ibikorwa, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’uburinganire.

Abakobwa benshi bize bavuga ko kubaho mu bwigenge, mu buringanire n’ubwisanzure ari ibintu b’ingenzi kurusha kwikorezwa umutwaro wo kwita ku muryango Leta itabashije gutegurira uburyo buhamye.

Emma Zang yagize ati: "U Bushinwa burashaka abana benshi, ariko ntiburasobanukirwa neza ko sosiyete nyayo ibaha ubushobozi n’umutekano. Kubyara no kurera umwana bisa n’igitambo ku bagore. Nta mafaranga Leta yatanga yakemura ikibazo cy’ubuzima bw’imitekerereze, umutekano w’akazi n’ubuzima bwo mu rugo."