Mu Buhinde no mu bindi bihugu byinshi, bimenyerewe ko abaganga benshi bandika nabi ku buryo "ordonnance" zabo zishobora gusobanurwa gusa n’abacuruzi b’imiti cyangwa abashinzwe ubuvuzi.
Ariko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Punjab na Haryana ruherutse gusobanura ko “kwandikira umurwayi imiti mu buryo busomeka ari uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwe,” kuko bishobora kuba ikinyuranyo hagati yo kurokoka cyangwa gupfa.
Iki cyemezo cyaturutse mu rubanza rutari rufitanye isano n’imyandikire y’abaganga. Urubanza rwarebaga ibyaha byo gufata ku ngufu, uburiganya no gukoresha impapuro mpimbano.
Umucamanza Jasgurpreet Singh Puri ubwo yasomaga raporo y’umuganga wa Leta wasuzumye umugore wahohotewe, yavuze ko iyo raporo itasomekaga na gato. Yanditse ati: “Nta jambo cyangwa inyuguti byumvikana, byanyeretse ikibazo gikomeye, byanteye agahinda gakomeye.”
BBC yabonye kopi y’icyo cyemezo irimo raporo n’impapuro ebyiri za ordonnance zanditse mu mukono udasomeka.
Umucamanza yakomeje agira ati: “Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga riboneka hose, biratangaje kubona abaganga ba Leta bakiri kwandika imiti n’intoki ku buryo ntawashobora kubisoma uretse bamwe mu bacuruzi b’imiti [Pharmacists].”
Urukiko rwasabye Leta ko amasomo yo kwandika neza ashyirwa mu mashuri y’ubuganga, kandi hagashyirwaho gahunda y’imyaka ibiri yo gushyira mu bikorwa "ordonnance" za mudasobwa (digitized prescriptions). Kugeza icyo gihe, abaganga bose basabwe kwandika mu nyuguti nkuru (capital letters) kandi mu buryo bunoze.
Abaganga ubwabo barabishyigikiye, ariko bakagaragaza imbogamizi
Dr Dilip Bhanushali, umuyobozi w’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abaganga mu Buhinde rifite abarenga ibihumbi 330, yabwiye BBC ko biteguye gufatanya mu gushakira umuti iki kibazo. Yavuze ko mu mijyi myinshi abaganga batangiye gukoresha ordonnance za mudasobwa, ariko mu byaro no mu duce duto biracyagoranye.
Ati: “Bizwi ko abaganga benshi bandika nabi, ariko impamvu ni uko baba bafite akazi kenshi cyane, cyane cyane mu bitaro bya Leta biba birimo abarwayi benshi. Twasabye abaganga bacu kubahiriza amabwiriza ya Leta no kwandika imiti mu nyuguti nkuru kugira ngo isomeke.” Yongeyeho ati: “Umuganga uhabwa abarwayi 7 ku munsi yabishobora, ariko uhabwa abarwayi 70 ntibyoroshye.”
Si ubwa mbere urukiko rubigarutseho
Ibi si ubwa mbere Urukiko rw’u Buhinde rwihanangirije abaganga ku myandikire mibi. Urukiko rwa Leta ya Odisha rwigeze kwiyama abaganga ku “myandikire idasomeka.” Urukiko rwa Allahabad narwo rwigeze kuvuga ko “raporo zanditswe mu myandikire mibi zidasobanutse na gato.”
Nubwo ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko imyandikire y’abaganga atari mibi kurusha iy’abandi bose, abahanga bavuga ko ikibazo nyamukuru ari ingaruka zituruka ku kudasobanukirwa ordonnance.
Raporo y’Ikigo cy’Ubuzima cya Amerika (Institute of Medicine) yo mu 1999 yagaragaje ko amakosa y’ubuganga yateye imfu nibura 44,000 buri mwaka, harimo 7,000 zahitanye ubuzima bitewe n’imyandikire mibi.
Vuba aha muri Ecosse, umugore yakomeretse amaso ubwo yahabwaga umuti w’uburwayi bwo kubura ubushake bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, nyamara yari agenewe umuti w’amaso.
Mu Bwongereza, inzego z’ubuzima zemeye ko “amakosa yo gutanga imiti yateje urupfu n’uburwayi bwinshi,” zikongeraho ko gukoresha ordonnance za mudasobwa bishobora kugabanya ayo makosa ku kigero cya 50%.
Nubwo nta mibare nyayo ihari, imiti isomwe nabi mu Buhinde yagiye itera ibibazo bikomeye n’impfu nyinshi. Hari umugore wigeze kugira ibinya nyuma yo guhabwa umuti wa diyabete ufite izina risa n’uwo yagombaga gufata wo kurwanya ububabare.
Mu 2014, Chilukuri Paramathama, nyiri farumasi yo muri Leta ya Telangana, yajyanye mu rukiko rwa Hyderabad ikirego gisaba guhagarika burundu ordonnance zandikishije intoki, nyuma yo kumva inkuru y’umwana w’imyaka 3 wapfuye mu mujyi wa Noida azize umuti wanditse nabi.
Mu 2016, Inama y’Abaganga mu Buhinde (Medical Council of India) yategetse ko “abavuzi bose bagomba kwandika imiti mu mazina rusange kandi mu nyuguti nkuru.”
Mu 2020, Minisitiri wungirije w’ubuzima Ashwini Kumar Choubey yatangaje ko inzego z’ubuzima mu bihugu zigize u Buhinde zahawe ububasha bwo gufatira abaganga ibihano nibarenga ku mabwiriza.
Ariko hashize hafi imyaka 10, ikibazo kikigaragara. Abacuruzi b’imiti baracyakira ordonnance zanditse nabi buri munsi. Chilukuri yoherereje BBC zimwe mu mpapuro z’imiti yahawe mu myaka ishize zidasomeka.
Ravindra Khandelwal, umuyobozi mukuru wa Dhanwantary — imwe muri farumasi nini za Kolkata ifite amashami 28 ndetse ikaba yakira abarwayi barenga 4,000 buri munsi — yavuze ko hari ordonnance zimwe zisatira kuba impfabusa.
Ati: “Mu mijyi abantu batangiye gukoresha ordonnance zanditse muri mudasobwa, ariko mu byaro ziracyandikishwa intoki. Abakozi bacu bafite ubunararibonye bwo kuzisobanura, ariko rimwe na rimwe tugomba guhamagara umuganga kugira ngo tumenye neza umuti ugomba guhabwa umurwayi.”
Imyandikire idasomeka y'abaganga yahagurukiwe