Somalia imaze imyaka myinshi ubukungu bwayo bushingiye cyane ku madorari ya Amerika, cyane cyane nyuma y’isenyuka rya Leta mu 1991 n’intambara z’imbere mu gihugu zagize ingaruka ku mikorere ya Banki Nkuru.
Kuva icyo gihe, Banki Nkuru ya Somalia ntiyongeye gusohora inoti nshya z’amafaranga y’igihugu. Ibi byatumye inoti za Somali Shilling zari zisanzwe mu gihugu ziszaza cyane, ndetse zimwe zikaba zarangiritse ku buryo abacuruzi bamwe batangiye kuzanga.
Banki Nkuru ya Somalia ivuga ko gutanga no gukwirakwiza amafaranga ya Somali Shilling biri mu nshingano zayo, kandi ko kuvugurura ifaranga biri mu byihutirwa mu rwego rwo guteza imbere gahunda y’imari y’igihugu.
Ni iki cyatumye Somalia yishingikiriza ku madorari?
Nyuma ya 1991, ubushobozi bw’inzego za Leta bwo gucunga ifaranga bwaragabanutse cyane. Muri icyo gihe, amadolari ya Amerika yatangiye gukoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi, kwizigamira ndetse no muri serivisi zo kohereza amafaranga.
Ikoreshwa ry’amadolari ryakomeje kwiyongera kubera ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, amafaranga atangwa n’Abasomali baba mu mahanga ndetse n’imikorere ya serivisi za mobile money zikunze gukoresha amadolari nk’ifaranga fatizo.
Banki Nkuru ya Somalia yari yaranagaragaje ko ubukungu bw’igihugu bwari bwaradollarijwe ku rwego rwo hejuru, aho amadolari yari afite uruhare runini mu mafaranga yakoreshwaga mu gihugu.
Imyaka myinshi idasohora inoti nshya yatumye inoti za Somali Shilling zari zisigaye mu gihugu zangirika cyane.
Amakuru dukesha ikinyamakuru Business Insider Africa avuga ko, bamwe mu Banyasomalia batangiye gukoresha supaguru sikoci kugira ngo bahuze inoti zacitse maze bakomeze kuzikoreshereza mu bucuruzi.
Kuva muri Mata 2026, hari abacuruzi bo muri Mogadishu no mu tundi turere batangiye kwanga kwakira zimwe muri izo noti zangiritse, bituma bamwe mu bazifite bagorwa no kuzikoresha cyangwa kuzivunjisha.
Hari gutegurwa uburyo bushya bwo gucunga ifaranga
Banki Nkuru ya Somalia iri gutegura ivugurura ry’imikorere y’ifaranga, mu gihe Inteko Ishinga Amategeko iri gusuzuma amategeko ajyanye na Currency Board Arrangement.
Banki Nkuru kandi iri gutegura amabwiriza ajyanye no gucunga ububiko bw’amadevize ndetse n’ivunjisha. Intego ni ukongera ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo kugenzura ifaranga no gushyiraho uburyo bwizewe bwo gukwirakwiza inoti nshya.
Raporo ya Banki Nkuru ya Somalia igaragaza ko igihugu cyari kimaze igihe gitegura ivugururwa ry’ifaranga, harimo gushyiraho ingamba zo kurwanya amafaranga y’amiganano, gutegura uburyo bwo gucunga no gukwirakwiza inoti nshya ndetse no gusimbuza amafaranga y’amiganano ari mu gihugu.
Gukoresha ifaranga ry’igihugu bishobora kongera ubusugire mu by’imari
Kugarura Somali Shilling ntibisobanuye ko amadolari azahita ava mu bukungu bwa Somalia.
Ahubwo igihugu kizaba kigamije kongera ubushobozi bwa Banki Nkuru bwo gukoresha politiki y’ifaranga, gucunga amafaranga ari mu bukungu no kugira uruhare runini mu micungire y’ubukungu bw’igihugu.
Ikibazo gikomeye kizaba kongera icyizere abaturage n’abacuruzi bagirira Somali Shilling, nyuma y’imyaka myinshi ubukungu bw’igihugu bushingiye ku madorari.
Urugero rwa Zimbabwe, na yo yagerageje kongera gukoresha ifaranga ryayo, rugaragaza ko gusohora inoti nshya byonyine bidahagije kugira ngo abantu bareke kwishingikiriza ku madorari.
Somalia iri mu rugendo rwo gusubizaho no kuvugurura Somali Shilling nyuma y’imyaka 35 idasohora inoti nshya.
Iyi gahunda igamije kongera ubusugire bw’igihugu mu micungire y’ifaranga no kugabanya bimwe mu bibazo byatewe no kwishingikiriza cyane ku madorari ya Amerika.
Ariko kugira ngo igende neza, Somalia izakenera kongera icyizere mu ifaranga ryayo no gushyiraho uburyo buhamye bwo kuricunga.