Ntibisaba ibya mirenge! Iby’ingenzi urubyiruko rukwiye kumenya hakiri kare byabafasha kwiteza imbere

Ubumenyi ku micungire y’imari ntibugenewe abakire gusa cyangwa abize ibijyanye na byo. Si ukubara amafaranga ufite, ahubwo ni ubushobozi bwo kuyacunga neza no gufata ibyemezo byubaka ejo hazaza.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye na The New Times, Patrick Mugenzi, impuguke mu bukungu mu Ishami ry’Ubushakashatsi muri Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, abisobanura yagize ati: “Kumenya gucunga amafaranga ni kimwe mu bumenyi bw’ingenzi mu buzima. Iyo ubusuzuguye, ingaruka zabyo zikugeraho zititaye ku rwego rwawe rw’amikoro. Kwitoza imyitwarire iboneye ku bijyanye n’imari ukiri muto ni imwe mu mpano nziza umuntu yihesha mu buzima bwe.”

Dore inama zafasha urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda kubaka ejo hazaza h’ubukungu butajegajega, uko amikoro yaba ahagaze kose:

1. Shaka ibyo ushoramo amafaranga n’iyo yaba ari macye

Kugira amafaranga ntacyo uyakoresha si bwo buryo bwo kuyongera. Mugenzi ashimangira ko umuntu wese ushaka gutera imbere mu bukungu akwiriye gutekereza ku ishoramari aho gutegereza gusa kuzigama.

Ati: “Iyo ushoye amafaranga, si yo gusa akora ahubwo n’inyungu abyaye na zo zitangira kubyara izindi. Ishoramari ni urufunguzo rw’iterambere.”

Ishoramari rishobora kuba irifatika nk’ubutaka cyangwa amazu, cyangwa iricishijwe mu mabanki n’isoko ry’imari nk’impapuro mpeshamwenda za Leta n’imigabane.

Mugenzi yakomeje agira ati: “Abantu benshi batekereza ko ishoramari risaba miliyoni. Ariko na 50,000 Frw ushobora kuyatangiza binyuze mu buryo bwizewe.”

2. Tangira kuzigama kare kandi ubigire umuco

Kuba ushobora kuba unyuzwe n'amafaranga macye uhembwa make si impamvu yo kudategura ejo hazaza. Gukomeza kuzigama uko byagenda kose, ni urugendo rw’agaciro. Kuzigama bigufasha kwiteganyiriza mu bihe bigoye, gutangira imishinga, kwirinda amadeni adafite akamaro, no kumenya gutandukanya ibikenewe n’ibidafite umumaro.

Mugenzi abikomozaho yagize ati: “Intangiriro ntiba igomba kuba nini. Ahubwo igihe kirekire n’imyitwarire ihamye ni byo bitanga umusaruro.”

3. Gucunga neza umushahara ukoresheje igipimo cya 50-30-20

Igipimo kizwi cya 50-30-20 ni uburyo bworoshye bufasha gutegura uko wakoresha amafaranga ukurikije uko winjiza buri kwezi:

• 50% by’umushahara bigenerwe ibyo ukeneye by’ibanze
• 30% bigenerwe ibyo wifuza
• 20% bigenerwe kuzigama no kwishyura amadeni

4. Gira ubushishozi mu gukurikirana uko ukoresha amafaranga

Kumenya aho amafaranga yawe ajya buri kwezi ni intambwe ikomeye.

Mugenzi yagize ati: “Abantu benshi bavuga ko amafaranga abashirana, ariko akenshi ni uko batamenya aho ajya. Kumenya uko ukoresha amafaranga bituma ubasha gufata umwanzuro w’icyo wakuraho cyangwa wakongeraho.”

Kubikora byoroha ukoresheje urutonde rw’ingengo y’imari cyangwa porogaramu z’ikoranabuhanga.

5. Teganya ikigega cy’ubutabazi

Teddy Kaberuka, impuguke mu bukungu, asaba buri wese kugira amafaranga abikwa ku ruhande azifashishwa mu gihe habaye ibibazo bitunguranye.

Ati: “Wagombye kugira nibura amafaranga angana n’ayo ukoresha mu mezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu. Aya mafaranga ashyirwa kuri konti yihariye, ntagomba kuvangwa n’akoreshwa buri munsi.”

Aya mafaranga yifashishwa mu bihe bikomeye nk’uburwayi, kubura akazi cyangwa ibindi byago.

6. Gena intego z’imari kandi ukore uko ushoboye uzigereho

Gufata icyemezo cyo kuzigama ntibigomba kuba igitekerezo rusange. Ugomba kugira intego zigaragara kandi zifite igihe ntarengwa:

• Igihe gito: urugendo, telefoni nshya
• Igihe kiringaniye: imodoka, gutangiza 'business'
• Igihe kirekire: inzu, kwizigamira mu izabukuru

Kaberuka aragira ati: “Intego igaragara iguha icyerekezo. Igutera imbaraga zo kwirinda ibidakenewe no gukoresha amafaranga mu buryo bufite intego.”

7. Menya neza umushahara winjiza

Kaberuka ashimangira ko abantu benshi bakora igenamigambi rishingiye ku mushahara mbumbe (brut), batitaye ku waba umaze gukurwaho imisoro n’ibindi bigabanya inyungu (net).

Ati: “Iyo utazi neza ayo ugiye kubona mu ntoki, ushobora gutegura ibirenze ubushobozi bwawe. Ukoreshe imbonerahamwe igaragaza amafaranga uhembwa, ayo usigarana n’ayo uzakoresha.”

Kubimenya bifasha gutegura ubuzima neza, gukoresha neza imisoro, ndetse no kwirinda kugwa mu madeni cyangwa gukoresha amafaranga nabi.

Ibi byose ni ibigaragaza ko kubaka ejo hazaza heza bidashingira ku kuba umuntu ahembwa menshi, ahubwo bishingira ku myitwarire n’imyanzuro afata akiri muto. Ubumenyi ku micungire y’imari ni igikoresho cy’ingenzi urubyiruko rukwiye guhabwa kare, kuko badashobora guhirwa mu bukungu mu gihe cyose batazi kurinda no kubyaza umusaruro amafaranga baba binjije.