Raporo y'Ubushakashatsi ku Buzima n'Imibereho y'Abaturage mu Rwanda (RDHS 2025), yakozwe n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ibarurishamibare (NISR) ku bufatanye na Minisiteri y'Ubuzima, igaragaza ko ubwandu bwa Virusi itera SIDA mu Banyarwanda bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 15 na 49 buri kuri 2.2%. Ibi bigaragaza ko gahunda zo kurwanya SIDA zimaze gutanga umusaruro ugaragara.
Icyakora, mu gihe iki kibazo gikomeje kugabanuka, indwara zitandura zirimo kanseri, diyabete n'indwara z'umutima zikomeje kwiyongera, zikaba zigaragaza umutwaro mushya ku rwego rw'ubuzima mu Rwanda.
Raporo ya NISR ku mibare y'abavutse, abapfuye n'impamvu z'impfu mu Rwanda mu 2025 igaragaza ko mu 2019, indwara zandura, iz'ababyeyi, iz'abana bavuka ndetse n'iziterwa n'imirire mibi zari zigize 70% by'impfu zifite impamvu izwi zabereye mu mavuriro, mu gihe indwara zitandura zari zifite 27.9%.
Mu 2020, umubare w'impfu ziterwa n'indwara zandura waragabanutse ugera kuri 62.3%, mu gihe uw'indwara zitandura wazamutse ugera kuri 34.7%. Mu 2021, indwara zandura zari zigeze kuri 51%, naho izitandura zigera kuri 41%.
Mu 2022 habaye impinduka ikomeye, kuko indwara zitandura zageze kuri 46.3%, zirenga gato indwara zandura zari kuri 45.4%.
Icyo cyerekezo cyarakomeje, aho mu 2024 indwara zitandura zari zimaze kugera kuri 47.7%, mu gihe indwara zandura zari kuri 42.9%. Mu 2025, indwara zitandura zageze kuri 49.5%, naho indwara zandura zigabanuka zigera kuri 40%.
Iyi mibare igaragaza impinduka zikomeye mu mutwaro w'indwara mu Rwanda, aho igihugu kiri kuva ku ndwara zandura nk'izari zisanzwe zihangayikishije ubuzima rusange, kikerekeza mu gihe indwara zitandura ari zo zigenda ziba ikibazo gikomeye.
Ariko se ni kuki igihugu kigenda kigabanya indwara zandura nka SIDA na malaria, mu gihe indwara zitandura zirimo kanseri, diyabete n'indwara z'umutima zo zikomeje kwiyongera?
Iyi mpinduka si iy'u Rwanda rwonyine. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) rigaragaza ko indwara zitandura ari zo zitera hafi 74% by'impfu zose ku isi. Muri izo, hafi 77% zibera mu bihugu bifite ubukungu buke n'ubuciriritse, birimo n'ibyinshi byo muri Afurika.
WHO ivuga ko izamuka ry'izi ndwara rifitanye isano n'impinduka mu mibereho y'abaturage, kwiyongera kw'imijyi, imirire idahagije ndetse n'ibindi bintu byongera ibyago byo kuzirwara birimo kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga no kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
Ariko iyo hasesenguwe bimwe muri ibyo bintu hakurikijwe imibare y'ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu Rwanda, kunywa inzoga bigaragara nk'imwe mu myitwarire ifite uruhare runini mu kongera ibyago by'indwara zitandura.
Ubushakashatsi bwa NCD STEPS Survey 2022 bwagaragaje ko 48.1% by'abantu bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 18 na 69 banyoye inzoga nibura rimwe mu minsi 30 yabanzirije ubushakashatsi. Muri bo, abagabo bari 61.9%, mu gihe abagore bari 34.3%.
Ibi ntibivuze ko inzoga ari zo zonyine zitera indwara zitandura, ahubwo bigaragaza ko ari kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bisaba kwitabwaho mu rugamba rwo kuzirwanya.
Amakuru y'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) agaragaza ko mu 2020, impuzandengo y'inzoga zanywaga ku Munyarwanda wese ufite imyaka 15 kuzamura yari litiro 6.27 z'inzoga nyirizina ku mwaka. Iyi mibare ntisobanura ko buri Munyarwanda yanywaga izo nzoga, ahubwo ni impuzandengo ibarwa hashingiwe ku baturage bose bafite imyaka 15 kuzamura.
WHO ivuga kandi ko nta rugero rw'inzoga rwafatwa nk'urudateza ingaruka ku buzima, kuko n'igipimo gito gishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara zimwe muri kanseri. Inzoga kandi ziri mu mpamvu enye z'ingenzi zongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zitandura, hamwe n'itabi, imirire itaboneye no kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
Raporo y'Ubushakashatsi ku Buzima n'Imibereho y'Abaturage mu Rwanda (RDHS 2025) igaragaza ko hafi umugabo umwe muri babiri n'abagore babiri muri 10 banywa inzoga.
Ibi bigaragaza ko kunywa inzoga bikomeje kuba ikibazo cy'ubuzima rusange, kuko ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga bwerekana ko kunywa inzoga nyinshi cyangwa kenshi byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zitandura zirimo indwara z'umutima, indwara z'umwijima ndetse na zimwe muri kanseri.
Nubwo kunywa inzoga atari ibintu bishya mu Rwanda, impinduka mu mibereho y'abaturage zishobora kuba zarahinduye uburyo ingaruka zabyo zigaragara.
Mu myaka yashize, abantu benshi bakoraga imirimo isaba gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi, nk'ubuhinzi n'indi mirimo y'amaboko, bigatuma imibiri yabo ikoresha ingufu nyinshi.
Uko imiterere y'imirimo yagiye ihinduka, abantu benshi berekeza mu mirimo yo kwicara cyangwa idasaba imbaraga nyinshi. Ibi byiyongereyeho impinduka mu mirire no mu mibereho, bituma ibyago byo kurwara indwara zitandura na byo byiyongera.
Bityo, ikibazo si uko inzoga zatangiye kunyobwa muri iki gihe, ahubwo ni uko impinduka mu mibereho zishobora gutuma ingaruka z'imwe mu myitwarire nk'iyo zirushaho kugaragara.
Raporo y'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare (NISR) yo mu 2025 ku miterere y'isoko ry'umurimo igaragaza ko uburyo Abanyarwanda bakoramo imirimo bukomeje guhinduka.
Iyo raporo ivuga ko urwego rwa serivisi ari rwo rutanga akazi ku bantu benshi, mu gihe ubuhinzi bugenda bugabanukamo umubare w'ababukoramo. Ibi bigaragaza ko Abanyarwanda benshi bagenda bava mu mirimo isaba imbaraga nyinshi bakerekeza mu mirimo ya serivisi, akenshi irimo iyo kwicara cyangwa idatanga amahirwe ahagije yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
Mu 2024, Dr. François Uwinkindi, Umuyobozi w'Ishami rishinzwe Indwara Zitandura muri RBC, yavuze ko izamuka ry'izi ndwara rifitanye isano n'impinduka mu mibereho y'abaturage, zirimo kunywa inzoga nyinshi, kunywa itabi, imirire itaboneye no kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
Yasobanuye ko ibyo ari bimwe mu byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara nka diyabete, indwara z'umutima n'izindi ndwara zitandura. Nubwo inzego z'ubuzima zikomeje gukangurira abaturage kugabanya kunywa inzoga, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no kurya indyo yuzuye, bamwe mu baturage bavuga ko kubikurikiza bitaborohera kubera ibibazo by'imibereho n'ubukungu.
Rukundo Fiston, umwe mu baganiriye na InyaRwanda, avuga ko hari igihe abantu bahitamo ibintu bibafasha kwihanganira ibibazo by'ubuzima baba bafite, nubwo baba bazi ko bishobora kubagiraho ingaruka.
Yagize ati: "Hari abantu banywa inzoga cyangwa itabi kubera ibibazo baba bafite cyangwa ibihe bitoroshye banyuramo, birimo n'ubukene. Hari n'abumva kujya gukora siporo bisaba ubushobozi badafite."
Karangwa Gilbert na we avuga ko ikibazo cy'imibereho n'izamuka ry'ibiciro na byo bituma bamwe batabasha gukurikiza inama zo kurya indyo yuzuye.
Yagize ati: "Hari ibiribwa bifite intungamubiri bihenda. Akenshi mpitamo ibyo nshoboye kugura aho guhitamo ibyo nzi ko ari byo byiza ku buzima. Byaba byiza Leta ishyizeho ingamba zituma ibiciro by'ibiribwa by'ingenzi bigabanuka kugira ngo abantu benshi babashe kurya indyo yuzuye."
Icyakora, mu gihe bamwe bavuga ko ibibazo by'imibereho n'imihangayiko bituma bakomeza kunywa inzoga cyangwa itabi, hari n'abandi bavuga ko guhindura imibereho, cyane cyane gukora siporo, byabafashije kugira ubuzima bwiza no kwirinda indwara zitandura.
Mbabazi Alphonsine yagize ati: "Gukora siporo biranduhura, bikampa kumva meze neza. Sinjya ndwara kenshi, kandi numva n'umubiri wanjye umeze neza." Nubwo urugamba rwo kurwanya indwara zandura rwatanze umusaruro ugaragara mu Rwanda, kurwanya indwara zitandura bisaba uruhare rwa buri wese.
Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n'Ubuhinzi (FAO), rifatanyije n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO), rigaragaza ko abantu barenga miliyari 2.8 ku isi badashobora kubona indyo yuzuye kubera igiciro cyayo. Ibi bigaragaza ko ubushobozi bwo kugura ibiribwa na bwo ari imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye mu rugamba rwo kurwanya indwara ziterwa n'imirire mibi.
No mu Rwanda, aho ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa birimo n'ibiribwa byagiye bizamuka mu bihe bitandukanye, bamwe mu baturage bavuga ko kubona ibiribwa bifite intungamubiri zihagije bikiri ikibazo.
Abasesengura iby'ubuzima n'imibereho y'abaturage bagaragaza ko, uretse gukangurira abaturage guhindura imirire n'imyitwarire, hakenewe n'uruhare rw'inzego za Leta mu gushyiraho ingamba zifasha abaturage kubona ibiribwa bifite intungamubiri ku giciro kiboroheye.
Muri izo ngamba harimo guteza imbere umusaruro w'ubuhinzi, kugabanya inzitizi zituma ibiciro by'ibiribwa bizamuka no gufasha imiryango ifite ubushobozi buke kubona indyo yuzuye.
Ku rundi ruhande, abaganga bagaragaza ko byinshi mu ndwara zitandura bishobora gukumirwa umuntu arya indyo yuzuye kandi iboneye, agakora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, akirinda kunywa inzoga nyinshi no kunywa itabi, akipimisha ubuzima buri gihe ndetse akivuza hakiri kare igihe bibaye ngombwa.
Nubwo hari abatarasobanukirwa neza uburemere bw'izi ndwara cyangwa bakabangamirwa n'ubukene, hari ingamba zidasaba amafaranga menshi zafasha umuntu kugabanya ibyago byo kuzirwara.
Muri zo harimo kugabanya umunyu n'amavuta menshi mu mafunguro, kurya imboga n'imbuto igihe zibonetse, kugenda n'amaguru aho bishoboka no kwitabira gahunda zo gupimwa zitegurwa n'inzego z'ubuzima.
Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje kugera ku ntsinzi ishimishije mu kurwanya indwara zandura nka SIDA na Malaria, impuguke zigaragaza ko urugamba rwo guhangana n'indwara zitandura rugomba gushyirwamo imbaraga zidasanzwe.
Ibyo bisaba ubufatanye bw'abaturage, inzego z'ubuzima n'abafata ibyemezo, hagamijwe guteza imbere imibereho myiza, korohereza abaturage kubona indyo yuzuye no gukomeza ubukangurambaga bushishikariza abantu kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze.
Uko buri Munyarwanda arushaho guhindura imibereho ye buhoro buhoro, ni na ko amahirwe yo kwirinda indwara zitandura no kugabanya umutwaro wazo ku muryango no ku gihugu arushaho kwiyongera.