Kimono: Umwambaro w’u Buyapani ufite amateka y’imyaka isaga 1,000

Ijambo “Kimono” risobanura mu buryo bw’ijambo ku ijambo “ikintu cyo kwambara”. Nubwo uyu munsi kimono izwi cyane nk’umwambaro wihariye w’Abayapani, izina “kimono” mu buryo rikoreshwamo ubu ryatangiye gukoreshwa cyane mu kinyejana cya 19.

Kimono yaturutse he?

Amateka y’imyambaro imeze nka kimono asubira inyuma cyane mu mateka y’u Buyapani.

Hari imyambaro yaturutse mu Bushinwa yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’imyambarire y’Abayapani hagati y’ikinyejana cya 4 n’icya 6.

Ariko isura y’umwambaro usa na kimono tuzi uyu munsi yatangiye kubakwa cyane mu gihe cya Heian, hagati ya 794 na 1185.

Muri icyo gihe, Abayapani bateje imbere uburyo bwo kudoda imyenda bakoresheje uduce tw’umwenda dufite imirongo igororotse, ku buryo umwambaro washoboraga guhuzwa n’imiterere itandukanye y’umubiri.

Muri icyo gihe, umwambaro witwaga kosode wari usanzwe wambarwa nk’umwenda w’imbere munsi y’indi myambaro minini y’abakomeye. Nyuma, uko imyaka yagiye ihita, kosode yatangiye kwambarwa nk’umwambaro wo hejuru.

Mu gihe cya Kamakura n’icyakurikiyeho, kosode yakwirakwiriye mu byiciro bitandukanye by’abaturage, harimo abasirikare n’abaturage basanzwe. Ni ho yatangiye kugenda ihinduka umusingi w’umwambaro wa kimono wo muri iki gihe.

Kimono yabaye imyambaro y’Abayapani bose ite?

Mu gihe cya Edo (1603–1867), kimono yarushijeho gutera imbere. Ubukungu bw’abacuruzi bwariyongereye, bituma abantu batangira gushora amafaranga menshi mu myambaro myiza.

Havumbuwe uburyo bushya bwo gusiga amabara, kuboha no gushushanya imyenda, bituma kimono iba nk’ubuhanzi bwambarwa.

Icyo gihe kandi hakwirakwiriye ibitabo byagaragazaga imiterere n’ibishushanyo bya kimono, bigira uruhare mu gutuma imyambarire ihinduka nk’imyambarire y’iki gihe.

Ni muri iki gihe kandi kimono yageze ku rwego rwo kwambarwa n’abantu bo mu byiciro bitandukanye by’umuryango w’Abayapani, abagabo n’abagore.

Kuki kimono yambarwa ibumoso hejuru y’iburyo?

Kimono ifite umwihariko ushobora gutangaza umuntu utazi umuco w’Abayapani.

Iyo umuntu muzima ayambaye, uruhande rw’ibumoso ruba hejuru y’urw’iburyo. Guhindura uko bimeze, iburyo hejuru y’ibumoso, bifitanye isano n’imyambaro y’abapfuye mu mihango yo kubasezeraho.

Ni yo mpamvu kwambika umuntu muzima kimono mu buryo bunyuranye bishobora gufatwa nk’ikosa rikomeye ry’umuco.

Kimono isobanuye iki ku muntu uyambaye?

Kimono si umwambaro gusa. Imiterere, amabara, ibishushanyo n’uburyo wambarwa bishobora gutanga amakuru ku muntu uwambaye, ku birori ari kwitabira ndetse n’igihe cy’umwaka.

Hari kimono zihariye ku bagore batarashaka, iz’abashatse, izambarwa mu bukwe n’izindi zikoreshwa mu birori bitandukanye. Ibishushanyo na byo bishobora kuba bifite ibisobanuro bifitanye isano n’ibihe by’umwaka cyangwa umuco.

Furisode, izwi cyane kubera amaboko maremare, isanzwe ifitanye isano n’abakobwa batarashaka kandi ikambarwa cyane mu birori byihariye.

Obi: Umukandara ufite akamaro gakomeye

Kimono ntabwo yambarwa gusa uyishyize ku mubiri. Ifungwa hakoreshejwe umukandara mugari witwa obi.

Obi ifasha gufata kimono ku mubiri kandi ni kimwe mu bice by’ingenzi bituma umwambaro ugaragara neza. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyihambira bitewe n’umwambaro, uwambaye n’umuhango.

Kwambara kimono neza bishobora kuba umurimo usaba ubuhanga, cyane cyane kuri kimono zambarwa mu birori bikomeye.

Kimono ishobora kuramba imyaka myinshi

Kimono nziza, cyane cyane izikozwe mu budodo bwa silk, zishobora kuba zifite agaciro gakomeye kubera ubukorikori bwakoreshejwe mu kuzitunganya.

Mu miryango imwe, kimono nziza zishobora kubikwa no guhererekanywa hagati y’ibisekuru, cyane cyane iyo zifite amateka y’umuryango cyangwa ubukorikori budasanzwe.

Ibi bituma kimono idafatwa nk’umwambaro gusa, ahubwo ishobora no gufatwa nk’igikoresho cy’ubuhanzi n’umurage w’umuco.

Kuki kimono itakiboneka buri munsi?

Mu gihe cya Meiji (1868–1912), u Buyapani bwatangiye gufungura cyane imiryango yabwo ku bihugu by’iburengerazuba. Imyambaro yo mu Burengerazuba yatangiye gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’iterambere n’igihe gishya.

Buhoro buhoro, imyambaro y’Iburengerazuba yarakwirakwiriye, bituma kimono idakomeza kuba imyambaro ya buri munsi ku bantu benshi.

Nubwo bimeze gutyo, kimono ntiyazimiye. Kugeza uyu munsi iracyambarwa mu bukwe, imihango gakondo, imihango y’icyayi, iminsi mikuru n’ibindi birori byihariye.

Kimono isobanura iki ku Bayapani?

Muri rusange, kimono ihagarariye umuco, amateka, ubuhanzi n’indangamuntu y’Abayapani.

Imiterere yayo yoroheje ariko ikozwe mu buryo bw’ubuhanga, ibishushanyo biri ku mwenda, amabara ndetse n’uburyo bwo kuyambara byose bituma iba igice cy’ingenzi cy’umurage w’u Buyapani.

Nubwo imyambarire y’iki gihe yahinduye cyane imibereho y’Abayapani, kimono iracyafite umwanya wihariye. Ni umwambaro uhuza amateka ya kera n’u Buyapani bwo muri iki gihe, kandi ukomeza kwibutsa Abayapani n’abatuye Isi ko imyambaro ishobora kuba uburyo bwo kubika no kugaragaza umuco w’igihugu.