Intwari ni umuntu ukurikirana icyo yiyemeje kugeraho kikavamo igikorwa cy’ikirenga gifitiye abandi akamaro, akabikora mu bupfura no mu bwitange buhebuje, kandi akirinda ubugwari mu migirire ye, ntagamburuzwe n’amananiza. Ibyiciro by’intwari z’igihugu ni bitatu: Imanzi, Imena n’Ingenzi.
Menya ibintu 10 biranga Intwari z'igihugu
1 Kugira umutima wa kigabo- Kugira umutima udatinya gushyigikira icyiza,kugaragaza ikibi no guhangara kukirwanya kandi uzi neza ingaruka mbi byagukururira.
2 Gukunda igihugu- Gushyira imbere ubusugire n’iterambere by’igihugu hamwe n’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda.
3 Kugira ubwitange- Kwigomwa inyungu zawe bwite uharanira inyungu rusange byaba ngombwa ugahara ubuzima bwawe.
4 Kugira ubushishozi- Kugaragaza ubushobozi bwo kureba kure n’ubwo kumenya ukuri kutagaragarira buri wese.
5 Guhanga- Kurema by’umwimerere igiteza imbere igihugu mu ngeri zinyuranye nko muri politike, mu buyobozi, mu muco, mu bukungu no mu mibanire.
6 Kugira ubwamamare mu butwari- Kurangwa n’ibikorwa by’ubutwari bizwi kandi bishimwa na benshi.
7 Kuba intangarugero- Kurangwa n’ibikorwa bihebuje bibera abandi urugero rwiza.
8 Kuba umunyakuri- Kurangwa n’ukuri kandi ukaguharanira ntutinye no kuba wakuzira.
9 Kugira ubupfura- Kugira umuco mu myifatire, mu mibanire no mu mikorere.
10 Kugira ubumuntu- Kurangwa n’umutima ukunda abantu ku buryo buhebuje aho kubarutisha abantu.
UMVA HANO INDIRIMBO "DUHARANIRE KUBA INTWARI" YA DANNY VUMBI
IMANZI
Urwego rw’imanzi rushyirwamo intwari zitakiriho, zagaragaje ibikorwa byiza by’akataraboneka ku rugero rwa mbere mu kugaragaza ubwitange butizigama, hakabamo kwigomwa inyungu bwite hashyirwa imbere inyungu z’igihugu, zifitiye akamaro gahebuje imibereho rusange y’abanyarwanda nko guhanga igihugu no kukikura mu kaga.
Intwari y’igihugu mu rwego rw’Imanzi, ihagarariye ingabo zose z’u Rwanda zaguye ku rugamba cyangwa se zashoboraga kurugwaho mu gihe cyahise, icy’ubungubu n’ikizaza zirwanira igihugu. Muri iki cyiciro hagaragaramo Ingabo Itazwi Izina na Major General Fred GISA RWIGEMA.
-Ingabo Itazwi Izina
Ingabo itazwi izina ni ingabo yatoranijwe ihagarariye izindi ngabo zitamenyekanye zaguye ku rugamba cyangwa zashoboraga kurugwaho rwo kubohora u Rwanda. Ingabo itazwi ni ikimenyetso gihebuje cyo guha icyubahiro abana b’u Rwanda bitanze baharanira guhanga no kwagura u Rwanda, baharanira ubwigenge n’ubusugire bwarwo, bitabiriye impuruza batizigamye kandi badatinya guhara ubuzima bwabo.
Nk'uko tubikesha igitabo cy’Intwari z’igihugu, Imva y’Ingabo itazwi izina ni isangano abanyarwanda bahuriraho bazirikana ubutwari bw’Ingabo bikababera urwibutso rubahuza. Abitangiye u Rwanda batabashije kumenyekana ntibazwiho byinshi, ikizwi ni uko bitabye impuruza y’igihugu cyabo barwanirira u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda batizigamye kandi badatinya guhara ubuzima bwabo.
-Major General FRED GISA RWIGEMA
Yavukiye i Mukiranze mu Karere ka Kamonyi mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 10 Mata 1957. Ni mwene Anastasi Kimonyo na Gatarina Mukandilima. Yashakanye na Jeannette Urujeni, basezerana ku wa 20 Kamena 1987. Babyaranye abana babiri, ari bo Gisa Junior na Gisa Teta. Yatabarutse ku wa 2 Ukwakira 1990 i Kagitumba mu Karere ka Nyagatare mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, agwa ku rugamba amaze gutangiza intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda.
Ni intwari iri mu cyiciro cy’Imanzi yagaragaje umutima wa kigabo mu rwego ruhebuje mu mibereho ye yose. Ntiyatinye kurwanya ibibi atitaye ku ngaruka byamubyarira, yari azi ubukana bw’intambara nyamara ntiyatinye kuyobora urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda, ubutwari bwe bwamugize icyamamare ashimwa kandi akundwa nk’intwari y’u Rwanda ndetse ni intwari Nyafrika kubera urugamba yarwanye rwo kubohora Mozambique na Uganda.
Kuva aho yabereye ingabo yagambiriye byeruye kuzabohora u Rwanda. Imvugo ye yabaye ingiro. Yaguye ku rugamba yari ayoboye rwo kubohora u Rwanda mu Ukwakira 1990 ubwo yari umugaba w’ingabo za FPR inkotanyi. Yagaragaje ubumuntu buhebuje, yigomwe byinshi yari afite n’ibyo yarashoboye kugira, abigurana urukundo rw’abanyarwanda.
I Remera ku Gicumbi cy'intwari hari igice cyagenewe ingabo itazwi izina
Urwego rw’Imena
Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa Charles Léon Pierre
Yavukiye i Nyanza, mu Karere ka Nyanza, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo muri Werurwe 1911. Ni umwana w’Umwami Yuhi wa IV Musinga na Nyiramavugo Kankazi Redegonde. Mutara III yimitswe ku ngoma na Guverineri Voisin abifashijwemo na Musenyeri Classe ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 1931, Se Musinga amaze gukurwa ku ngoma kuwa 12 Ugushyingo 1931.
Kuwa 15 Ukwakira 1933, yashakanye na Nyiramakomali, batana mu bya 1940, nyuma ku wa 18 Mutarama 1942 ashakana na Rosaliya Gicanda, ntiyabyaranye na bo. Ku wa 17 Ukwakira 1943, yabatijwe na Musenyeri Léon Classe, yitwa Charles Léon Pierre, abyarwa mu batisimu na Guverineri Mukuru wa Kongo Mbiligi na Rwanda-Urundi, Bwana Pierre Ryckmans, abatiranwa na nyina, umugabekazi Nyiramavugo Kankazi wiswe Radegonde.
Kuva muri 1929, aho yagizwe umutware wa Nduga na Marangara, kugeza muri za 1950, Mutara wa III Rudahingwa yakoze politike yo kumvikana na Kiliziya Gatolika na Leta Mbiligi, kugeza n’aho atuye Kirisitu Umwami ingoma z’u Rwanda i Nyanza ku munsi wa Kirisitu Umwami ku wa 27 Ukwakira 1946.
Hagati ya 1950 na 1959, aho yatangiye aguye i Bujumbura mu buryo butunguranye ku wa 25 Nyakanga. Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yaharaniye guteza imbere imibereho y’Abanyarwanda n’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda. Rudahigwa yaranzwe no kurwanya akarengane mu butabera, abigaragariza mu Rukiko rw’Umwami no mu mirimo ya buri munsi aho yirirwaga arenganura abaturage cyane cyane abato bato.
Rudahigwa yitaye cyane ku bujijuke bw’Abanyarwanda, ashinga Fonds Mutara, asaba Abayezuwiti gushinga Koleji i Gatagara, bayijyana i Bujumbura iba Collège International du Saint Esprit, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abayisilamu ku Ntwari ry’i Nyamirambo, ashinga amashuri adashingiye ku madini, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abenemutara ry’i Kanyanza anohereza Abanyarwanda ba mbere kwiga i Burayi.
Mutara wa III yatangiye impinduramatwara muri politike, akuraho inkuke zakamirwaga Umwami yishakira ize bwite, akuraho imirimo y’agahato yitwaga akazi, akuraho ubuhake abagaragu bagabana na bashebuja, ashaka gukuraho igitabo cy’umusoro cyanditsemo amoko, Ababiligi barabyanga, yanga "kwica Gitera ashaka gukuraho ikibimutera". Rudahigwa yahirimbaniye ubumwe n’ubwigenge by’Abanyarwanda ku buryo Abanyarwanda batekereza ko ari byo yazize nka ba Lumumba na Rwagasore.
Intwari Michel Rwagasana
Yavukiye i Gitisi na Nyamagana mu Karere ka Ruhango mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu w’1927. Mu wa 1956, yashakanye na Suzana Nzayire, babyarana abana batatu. Hagati ya 1945 na 1950 yize muri Groupe Scolaire ya Astrida bitaga shariti, ahakura impamyabumenyi mu by’ubutegetsi (Diplôme d’Assistant Administratif).
Michel Rwagasana yakoze imirimo inyuranye yose yerekana ko yagirirwaga icyizere kubera ubunyangamugayo n’umwete bye. Yabaye umukozi wa Leta Mbirigi i Bujumbura, yabaye umunyamabanga w’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu kuva yajyaho muri 1954 yabaye umunyamabanga wihariye w’Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa.
Kubera guharanira ubumwe, ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda no kurwanya amacakubiri, yabaye umunyamabanga wa mbere wa UNAR ajya mu ntumwa z’u Rwanda zaruhagariraga mu bindi bihugu no muri Loni. Michel Rwagasana yatanze urugero ruhebuje rwo gushyira imbere inyungu z’igihugu aho kwita ku ze bwite kuko aba yaremeye politike y’irondakoko agahabwa umwanya ukomeye mu Rwanda rwari rutegetswe na mwene Se wabo Gerigori Kayibanda nka Perezida wa Repubulika.
Uwilingiyimana Agatha
Yavukiye i Gikore mu Karere ka Gisagara mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 23 Kamena 1953. Ni mwene Ntibashirakandi Yuvenali na Nyirantibangwa Saverina. Yashakanye na Barahira Ignace mu wa 1976, babyarana abana batanu. Yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere w’umugore kuva kuwa 17 Nyakaganga 1993 kugeza kuwa 7 Mata 1994 mu gihe cya Jenoside yishwe n’abari ingabo z’igihugu.
Uwilingiyimana Agathe yagize umutima wa kigabo arwanya akarengane k’iringaniza mu gihe yari Minisitiri w’Amashuri Abanza n’Ayisumbuye mu butegetsi bw’irondakarere n’irondakoko bwa Habyarimana. Yongeye kugaragaza ubwitange bwe buhebuje mu gihe cya Jenoside akomeza iy’ubuyobozi agerageza kugarura ituze mu gihugu cyari kigabijwe n’abicanyi. Nta washidikanya ko ari umwe mu bagore b’Abanyarwanda baharaniye uburenganzira bw’Umunyarwandakazi.
Intwari Félicité Niyitegeka
Yavukiye i Vumbi mu Karere ka Huye mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu wa 1934. Ni mwene Sekabwa Simoni na Nyirampabuka Angelina. Yishwe ku wa 21 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya Jenoside kubera ko yanze kwitandukanya n’abo yari yahaye ubuhungiro hamwe na bagenzi be bari muri Centre Saint Pierre ku Gisenyi. Musaza we Colonel Nzungize yari yamutumyeho ngo asezerere izo mpunzi maze ave muri icyo Kigo agisigemo ba nyagupfa.
Ni byo yanze mu ibaruwa yuzuye urukundo n’ubutwari yandikiye uwo musaze we. Mu mibereho ye, Niyitegeka Félicité yerekanye bwa butwari bwa buri munsi mu mirimo umuntu aba ashinzwe, haba mu byerekeye kwigisha no kurera, mu gucunga umutungo w’ibigo yakozemo, haba mu kuyobora abinjiraga mu muryango w’abafasha b’ubutumwa no gufasha abatishoboye.
Ibyo byose yabigiranye ubushobozi bwinshi bagenzi be bakabimwubahira kandi bakabimukundira. Kuba intangarugero yari yarabigize umuco, nicyo cyamufashije mu kwemera kwitangira abari baramugannye ahitamo kwicwa aho kugwa mu ngengabitekerezo y’ivanguramoko.
Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange
Abemezwaho ubutwari ni abari mu cyigo cy’i Nyange mu ijoro ryo kuwa 18 Werurwe 1997 mu ishuri ry’uwa gatandatu n’uwa gatanu igihe abacengezi batera icyo kigo ari abapfuye ari n’abatarapfuye iryo joro.
Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange baharaniye ku mugaragaro amahame y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kugeza aho bamwe babizira babizi, bemera guhara ubuzima bwabo aho kwivangura. Babereye Abanyarwanda muri rusange n’urubyiruko by’umwihariko, urugero rw’urukundo rwo kurwanya amacakubiri no kwitangira uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Tariki ya 25 Mutarama 2018 mu cyumba cy’inama cya MINISPOC habereye ikiganiro n’ibitangazamakuru, ikiganiro cyibanze ku myiteguro y’Umunsi Mukuru ngarukamwaka w’Intwari z’Igihugu wizihizwa tariki ya 1 Gashyantare. Muri uyu mwaka wa 2018, uyu munsi mukuru w'Intwari uri kwizihizwa ku nshuro ya 24.
Mu 2018, Nyakubahwa Uwacu Julienne wari Minisitiri wa Siporo n’Umuco [ubu isigaye ari Minisiteri y'Urubyiruko n'Umuco] ifite mu nshingano ibikorwa byo kwizihiza uyu Munsi w’Intwari, yavuze ko impamvu yo kwizihiza umunsi w’intwari z’Igihugu ari icyemezo cyafashwe na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda kugira ngo hibukwe Abanyarwanda bitanze mu bihe bitandukanye bakigomwa byinshi byiza birimo n’ubuzima bwabo babutangira igihugu.
Yanavuze ko ibi bihe ari umwanya wo kugira ngo Abanyarwanda cyane cyane urubyiruko bigire ku bigwi bikomeye by’izo ntwari. Yagize ati: Ubutwari ni umuco mwiza twumva dukwiye kugumana nk’abanyarwanda, ntihazagire igihe dushakisha intwari mu banyarwanda ngo tuzibure kandi ubutwari bugaragara iteka mu buzima bw’abantu bitewe n’uko bahisemo gukora igikwiriye, birenze bakarenga kureba inyungu zabo bwite ahubwo bakareba inyungu rusange.
Ni yo mpamvu muri uyu mwaka by’umwihariko [2018] dukangurira urubyiruko kumva ko igihe cyo kuba intwari kitarangiye ahubwo n’uyu munsi turacyakeneye intwari Intwari zizafasha igihugu guhangana n’ibibazo gifite no kubibonera igisubizo mu nyungu rusange z’abanyarwanda".
Imva y'ingabo itanzwi izina/umusirikare utazwi
Src: Ububiko