Ubu bushakashatsi bwatangajwe ku wa 16 Nzeri 2026 mu kinyamakuru mpuzamahanga Nature, kandi abashakashatsi bavuga ko bushobora gutanga uburyo bushya bwo kwiga indwara z’ubwonko n’iz’imikorere y’imitekerereze zigaragara ku bantu.
Nubwo bishobora kumvikana nk’aho abahanga bakoze “imbeba zifite ubwonko bw’umuntu”, ntabwo bivuze ko izo nyamaswa zahindutse abantu cyangwa ngo zitangire gutekereza nk’abantu.
Ahubwo abashakashatsi bakoze imbeba mu buryo bwihariye, bazikuramo ubushobozi bwo gukora igice runaka cy’ubwonko kizwi nka cerebral cortex, hanyuma bashyiramo uturemangingo tw’ubwonko bw’umuntu twakuwe mu bice by’ubwonko bikorerwa muri laboratwari bizwi nka organoids.
Uko uturemangingo tw’umuntu twakuriye mu bwonko bw’imbeba
Ubwonko bw’imbeba busanzwe bukura vuba, bityo iyo uturemangingo tw’umuntu twongewe mu bwonko bwayo, akenshi dusanga hari amarushanwa yo kubona umwanya n’utundi turemangingo tw’imbeba.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, abahanga bakoze ku buryo uturemangingo twari gutuma igice cy’ubwonko bw’imbeba gikura tudakomeza kubaho. Ibyo byasize umwanya munini uturemangingo tw’umuntu twari twashyizwe muri ubwo bwonko.
Abashakashatsi basanze nyuma y’amezi abiri kugeza kuri atatu, uturemangingo tw’umuntu twari twatewe mu mbeba twari tumaze kwaguka hafi inshuro eshanu, ndetse twuzuza hejuru ya 90% by’umwanya wari usigaye.
Nanone twakoze imiyoboro y’imyakura igera mu bice byisumbuyeho by’ubwonko bw’imbeba, bigaragaza ko uturemangingo tw’umuntu twashoboye kwinjira mu mikorere y’urwungano rw’imyakura rw’inyamaswa.
Ese izi mbeba zatangiye gutekereza nk’abantu?
Oya. Iyi ni imwe mu ngingo z’ingenzi abashakashatsi bashaka ko abantu basobanukirwa. Kuba uturemangingo tw’umuntu turi mu bwonko bw’imbeba ntibihindura imbeba umuntu, kandi ubushakashatsi ntibuvuga ko izi mbeba zatangiye kugira imitekerereze y’umuntu.
Ahubwo intego ni ugukoresha izo nyamaswa nk’icyitegererezo gifasha abahanga kwiga uko uturemangingo tw’ubwonko bw’umuntu dukura, dukorana n’utundi turemangingo ndetse n’uko indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kwangiza ubwonko.
Bishobora gufasha mu bushakashatsi ku ndwara z’ubwonko
Abahanga bavuga ko ubu buryo bushobora gufasha mu kwiga indwara z’ubwonko n’iz’imikorere y’imitekerereze bigoye kwiga hifashishijwe inyamaswa zisanzwe.
Ubushakashatsi bushya bushobora gufasha abahanga gusobanukirwa neza uburyo uturemangingo tw’ubwonko bw’umuntu dukora n’uko twakira indwara cyangwa imiti, mbere y’uko ubushakashatsi nk'ubwo bushobora kugera ku bantu.
By'umwihariko, abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko muri utwo turemangingo tw’umuntu hakuriyemo n’uturemangingo twihariye tw’imyakura, harimo utumeze nka von Economo neurons, uturemangingo dufitanye isano n’imikorere y’imibanire n’imitekerereze ku bantu. Abashakashatsi banavuga ko ubu bwoko bw’uturemangingo bushobora kuba bukunda kwibasirwa n’indwara zimwe zangiza ubwonko.
Ubushakashatsi nk’ubu bugize igice cy’ubushakashatsi bugenda bwiyongera aho abahanga bahuza uturemangingo tw’abantu n’iby’inyamaswa kugira ngo babashe kwiga imikorere y’umubiri w’umuntu mu buryo budashoboka gukorerwa ku muntu.
Abanditse ubushakashatsi muri Nature bawise “Developmental xenocortication using human-derived organoids in mice”, kandi bwemejwe nyuma yo gusuzumwa n’abandi bahanga bo muri urwo rwego mbere yo gutangazwa.
Nubwo ubu bushakashatsi butarasobanura ko imiti mishya y’indwara z’ubwonko ishobora guhita iboneka, abahanga babona ko ubu buryo bushobora gutanga urubuga rushya rwo kwiga ubwonko bw’umuntu n’indwara zibwibasira, hifashishijwe inyamaswa zo muri laboratwari.
