Abantu benshi batekereza ko indege zikoresha essence nk’iy’imodoka, ariko si byo. Indege nini zitwara abagenzi zikoresha Jet Fuel, amavuta yihariye akomoka kuri kerosene, yagenewe gukora mu bushyuhe bukabije no mu bukonje bwo hejuru indege ihurira na bwo mu kirere.
Aya mavuta ni yo amaze imyaka myinshi akoreshwa n’indege za Boeing, Airbus n’izindi ndege z’ubucuruzi ku Isi. Ariko ikibazo ni uko gutwika Jet Fuel bitanga imyuka ya carbon dioxide (CO₂), imwe mu myuka igira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere.
Ni yo mpamvu ibigo bikora indege n’abashakashatsi batangiye gushaka ubundi buryo butangiza ibidukikije. Kimwe mu bisubizo biri kwigwaho cyane ni Hydrogen.
Mu gihe ikoreshwa muri fuel cell, hydrogen ivangwa na oxygen igatanga amashanyarazi akoreshwa na moteri, kandi igisohoka cyane ni amazi aho kuba imyuka myinshi ihumanya ikirere..
Airbus iri gukora iki?
Ikigo Airbus ni kimwe mu biyoboye ubushakashatsi kuri iri koranabuhanga binyuze mu mushinga witwa ZEROe. Mu nama ya Airbus Summit yabaye mu 2025, iki kigo cyerekanye igishushanyo cy’indege ikoresha hydrogen fuel cells.
Iyo ndege itekerezwaho izaba ifite imoteri enye z’amashanyarazi zikura ingufu muri hydrogen ibitswe mu bigega byihariye biri imbere mu ndege nk'uko bitangazwa na Airbus.
Abashakashatsi ba Airbus bavuga ko bamaze kugerageza ibice byinshi by’iri koranabuhanga, kandi ko mu 2027 bateganya gukora ibizamini byuzuye ku butaka mbere yo gukomeza indi ntambwe.
Kuki bitaratangira gukoreshwa?
Nubwo igitekerezo gishimishije, hari ibibazo bikomeye bigikeneye gukemurwa. Hydrogen igomba kubikwa ku bushyuhe bukabije bwa hafi -253°C, bisaba ibigega n’ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe.
Ikindi ni uko ibibuga by’indege ku Isi bitari bifite uburyo bwo kubika no kuzuza hydrogen nk’uko bikorwa kuri Jet Fuel. Abahanga bavuga kandi ko amategeko mashya, umutekano n’ibikorwaremezo byose bigomba kubanza gutegurwa mbere y’uko indege nk’izi zitangira gutwara abagenzi nk'uko bitangazwa na Reuters.
Kubera izi mbogamizi, Airbus yemeye ko umushinga wa ZEROe watinze kurusha uko byari byitezwe mbere, nubwo ikomeje kuvuga ko hydrogen izagira uruhare rukomeye mu ndege z’ejo hazaza.
Ese hydrogen izasimbura Jet Fuel burundu?
Kugeza ubu, igisubizo ni oya. Abasesenguzi b’ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere bavuga ko mu myaka iri imbere indege nyinshi zizakomeza gukoresha Jet Fuel cyangwa Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), amavuta akorwa mu buryo bugabanya imyuka ihumanya.
Hydrogen yo ishobora kuzatangira gukoreshwa buhoro buhoro mu ndege z’igihe kizaza, ariko bizafata imyaka kugira ngo ibe uburyo busanzwe ku ndege zitwara abagenzi.
Nubwo indege nyinshi z’uyu munsi zigikoresha Jet Fuel, isi y’ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere iri gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo haboneke uburyo butangiza ibidukikije. Hydrogen iri mu ikoranabuhanga rifite icyizere gikomeye, ariko iracyari mu rwego rw’ubushakashatsi n’ibizamini.
Mu gihe ibibazo by’ikoranabuhanga n’ibikorwaremezo bizaba byakemutse, ishobora guhindura uburyo indege zitwara abagenzi ziguruka mu myaka iri imbere.