Ubu bushakashatsi bwatangajwe mu kinyamakuru mpuzamahanga Nature Communications, kimwe mu binyamakuru by'ubumenyi byizewe ku Isi, bugaragaza ko mu gihe isi ikomeje gukenera ku bwinshi cobalt ikoreshwa mu gukora za batiri z'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho bibika ingufu, hari ikindi cyuma gifite uburemere gikomeza kugendana na yo mu buryo budakwiye.
DRC ni yo iyoboye isi mu bucukuzi bwa cobalt
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ni yo itanga hafi 70% bya cobalt ikoreshwa ku Isi, ikaba ari kimwe mu bihugu bifite amabuye y'agaciro akenewe cyane mu rugendo rwo kwimukira ku ngufu zisukuye.
Cobalt ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora batiri z'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, telefoni zigendanwa, mudasobwa ndetse n'ibindi bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
Ariko abashakashatsi bavuga ko aho cobalt iboneka muri DRC, akenshi iba iri kumwe na uranium, kandi iyo cobalt itunganywa, uranium na yo ikagenda ikurikira iyo nzira.
Uranium yagiye isohoka mu gihugu mu buryo butamenyekanye
Nk'uko ubushakashatsi bubigaragaza, hagati ya 2000 na 2024, toni ziri hagati ya 2,000 na 5,000 za uranium zishobora kuba zaravuye muri DRC zivanze na cobalt yoherezwaga mu mahanga.
Abashakashatsi bavuga ko munsi ya 10% gusa ari yo yigeze kumenyekana no gukurikiranwa hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga ibikoresho bya nikleyeri. Bisobanuye ko igice kinini cyayo cyagiye gisohoka kitagenzuwe cyangwa ngo cyandikwe mu buryo busanzwe.
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko toni ziri hagati ya 1,000 na 4,000 za uranium zishobora kuba zarasigaye mu bisigazwa by'amabuye (mine tailings) nyuma yo gutunganya cobalt.
Ibi bishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye ku bidukikije, kuko uranium ari icyuma gifite ubukana bwa radiyasiya (radioactivity), gishobora kwanduza ubutaka, amazi ndetse n'ikirere iyo kidacunzwe neza.
Abaturage batuye hafi y'ibirombe cyangwa ahatunganyirizwa ayo mabuye ni bo bavuga ko bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n'ingaruka z'iyo radiyasiya.
Abahanga basaba ubugenzuzi n’ubwitonzi bukomeye
Abakoze ubu bushakashatsi bavuga ko isi ikwiye kongera uburyo ikurikirana uruhererekane rw'ubucuruzi bwa cobalt, ibikorwa bikenera iki cyuma bikomeje kwiyongera cyane bitewe n'izamuka ry'inganda zikora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Bavuga ko niba uranium ikomeje kujyana na cobalt idakurikiranwe, bishobora guteza ikibazo ku mutekano mpuzamahanga wa nikleyeri ndetse no ku kubahiriza amasezerano agenga ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bya nikleyeri.
Basabye ko hashyirwaho uburyo bwo gupima no gukurikirana uranium kuva mu birombe kugeza ku ruganda rutunganya cobalt no mu bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ubu bushakashatsi bushobora gutuma ibihugu n'amasosiyete agura cobalt bitangira gukaza ibisabwa ku bwiza n'umutekano w'amabuye bitumiza.
Ibi bishobora gutuma inganda zicukura amabuye muri DRC zisabwa kongera ishoramari mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gutandukanya uranium na cobalt mbere yo kohereza umusaruro ku masoko mpuzamahanga.
Ikinyamakuru BBC Gahuzamiryango cyatangaje ko cyandikiye Guverinoma ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo gisaba kugira icyo ivuga kuri ubu bushakashatsi, ariko kugeza ubu nta gisubizo yari yatanga.
Mu gihe isi ikomeje kwihutisha gahunda yo gukoresha ingufu zisukuye no kugabanya ikoreshwa rya peteroli n'amakara, ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko hakenewe uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura amabuye y'agaciro akenerwa muri izo gahunda.
Ni mu rwego rwo kugira ngo iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ritazakurikirwa n'ingaruka ku buzima bw'abaturage, ibidukikije ndetse n'umutekano wa nikleyeri ku rwego mpuzamahanga.