Abaganga bavuga ko gutangira ibimenyetso by’ubukumi mbere y’imyaka 8 ku bakobwa bifatwa nk’ubukumi butangira kare. Ku mwana ukiri muto cyane, iyo atangiye kubona imihango, ni ngombwa ko umubyeyi aba intwari akabyitwaramo kigabo.
Ubukumi ni igihe umubiri w’umwana w’umukobwa utangira gukora impinduka ziganisha ku kuba umuntu mukuru. Bushobora kugaragazwa no gukura kw’amabere, gukura vuba, guhinduka kw’imiterere y’ibice bimwe by’umubiri, kugaragara kw’imisatsi ku myanya ndangagitsina cyangwa mu kwaha, impinduka z’umubiri ndetse nyuma hakaza imihango.
Gutangira ibimenyetso by’ubukumi mbere y’imyaka 8 bisanzwe bifatwa nk’ubukumi butangiye kare. Umuryango w’Abaganga b’Inzobere mu bijyanye n’Imisemburo y’Abana (Pediatric Endocrine Society) uvuga ko imihango isanzwe iza hafi y’imyaka 2–3 nyuma yo gutangira gukura kw’amabere.
Ni yo mpamvu umwana ufite imyaka 6 utangiye imihango aba akeneye kwitabwaho n’abaganga, cyane cyane kubera ko iyo myaka iri kure cyane y’igihe ubukumi busanzwe butangirira.
Ikigo
Endocrine Society na cyo kivuga ko abana batangiye ubukumi mbere y’imyaka
isanzwe bakwiye gusuzumwa, kandi ko abakobwa batangiye ubukumi bafite munsi
y’imyaka 6–7 bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuba hari ikibazo cy’imisemburo kiri
inyuma y’izo mpinduka.
Ni iki gitera ubukumi gutangira hakiri kare?
Nta mpamvu imwe ihari. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’ingenzi bw’ubukumi butangira hakiri kare. Ubwoko bwa mbere ni ubwitwa central precocious puberty.
Muri ubu buryo, igice cy’ubwonko kizwi nka hypothalamus gitangira hakiri kare gukangura urusobe rw’imisemburo igenga ubukumi. Ibyo bituma pituitary gland itangira gukora imisemburo ya LH na FSH, nayo igatera intanga ngore gukora estrogen.
Mu bakobwa benshi bafite ubu bwoko, nta ndwara yihariye iboneka; ni ukuvuga ko uburyo busanzwe bw’ubukumi bushobora kuba bwatangiye mbere y’igihe.
Pediatric Endocrine Society ivuga ko mu bakobwa, hafi 80% by’ubukumi bwo muri ubu bwoko nta mpamvu yihariye iboneka. Icyakora hari igihe bushobora guterwa n’ikibazo kiri mu bwonko cyangwa mu gice kigenga imisemburo, harimo ibibyimba cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’imiterere y’ubwonko.
Ubundi bwoko ni peripheral precocious puberty. Muri bwo, imisemburo y’ubukumi ishobora gutangira kwiyongera idatewe n’uko ubwonko bwatangije gahunda y’ubukumi.
Ku bakobwa benshi, bishobora guterwa n’imisemburo ikorerwa mu dusabo tw’intanga ngore (ovaries) cyangwa muri adrenal glands. Hari n’indwara cyangwa ibindi bibazo bishobora gutuma iyi misemburo yiyongera hakiri kare.
Mu mpamvu mubyo abaganga bagomba gusuzuma harimo: ibibazo by’imisemburo, ibibazo by’intanga ngore, ibibazo by’imisemburo ikorwa na adrenal glands, indwara zimwe na zimwe z’uturemangingo cyangwa imisemburo, indwara nka congenital adrenal hyperplasia, ibibyimba, ndetse na McCune-Albright syndrome, nubwo ari gake.
Hari ikindi cy’ingenzi, tugomba no kumenya ko hari n’imisemburo ishobora guturuka hanze. Abaganga kandi banasuzuma niba umwana yarahuye n’imisemburo ya estrogen cyangwa androgen iva hanze y’umubiri.
Pediatric Endocrine Society ivuga ko amavuta, imiti cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa birimo estrogen cyangwa androgen bishobora gutuma umwana agaragaza ibimenyetso by’ubukumi hakiri kare.
Ibi ni kimwe mu bituma umubyeyi akwiye kubwira umuganga imiti, amavuta cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa umwana ashobora kuba yarakoresheje, aho kubihisha cyangwa kubifata nk’ibidafite akamaro.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso umubyeyi yakwitondera?
Umubyeyi ashobora kubona impinduka zidasanzwe ku mwana we cyane cyane zikaba akiri muto, murizo harimo kubona: amabere atangiye gukura hakiri kare, cyangwa umwana atangiye gukura vuba kurusha uko bisanzwe.
Ibindi birimo kuba umwan afite imisatsi ku myanya ndangagitsina cyangwa mu kwaha, yatangiye kugira impumuro y’umubiri imeze nk’iy’abantu bakuru, afite ibiheri byo mu maso, cyangwa atangiye kujya mu mihango.
Iyo umwana muto cyane atangiye imihango, umubyeyi akora iki?
1. Irinde kumutera ubwoba
Nk’uko n’umubyeyi bishobora kumutera ubwoba, ku mwana we ubu bwoba buba burenze. Umwana ashobora gutekereza ko arwaye cyangwa ko hari ikintu kibi cyamubayeho, cyangwa agatekereza ko hari amakosa yakoze ariyo yatumye bimubaho. Mubwire mu buryo bworoshye ko nta kintu kibi yakoze kandi ko uri kumwe na we, umwiteho mui buryo bwose.
2. Musobanurire ibiri kumubaho
Koresha amagambo yumva kandi ahuye n’imyaka ye. Mwigishe ko imihango ari kimwe mu bimenyetso by’impinduka z’umubiri, ariko ko kubera ko yayitangiye akiri muto cyane, abaganga bagomba kumusuzuma.
3. Mwigishe isuku yo mu gihe cy’imihango
Mwereke uko akoresha kandi ahindura igikoresho cy’isuku y’imihango, uko ajugunya icyo gikoreshejwe ndetse no gukaraba intoki.
Ku mwana w’imyaka 6, umubyeyi ashobora gukomeza kumufasha kugeza igihe azashobora kubyikorera wenyine.
4. Mujyane kwa muganga
Iyi ni inama y’ingenzi.
Umwana w’imyaka 6 utangiye imihango ntakwiye kuguma mu rugo gusa ngo ategereze ko bizashira. Agomba gusuzumwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba ubukumi bwatangiye hakiri kare n’impamvu yabyo.
Icyo umubyeyi akwiye kumenya ni uko nta mwanzuro n’umwe akwiye kwifatira hatabanje kubaho gusuzumwa na muganga, ngo hamenyekane icyabiteye. Inama nziza rero ni ukugana muganga.
5. Komeze kumufasha mu mitekerereze
Umwana w’imyaka 6 ashobora kuba ataritegura kwakira impinduka z’umubiri ziba zisanzwe ku mwana mukuru. Ashobora gutinya ko abandi bana bamuseka, akagira ipfunwe cyangwa akumva ko atandukanye n’abandi.
Umubyeyi akwiye kumwereka ko agifite uburenganzira bwo gukina, kwiga no kubaho nk’umwana, nubwo umubiri we waba watangiye impinduka hakiri kare.
Nanone kandi hari ikintu cy’ingenzi ababyeyi bakwiye kumenya: ntabwo buri mwana wese ufite ibimenyetso by’ubukumi butangira hakiri kare aba afite indwara ikomeye. Abenshi, bashobora kuba bafite uburyo bw’ubukumi bwatangiye kare ariko nta mpamvu ikomeye ibutera iboneka. Icy’ingenzi ni ugusuzumwa kugira ngo abone ubundi bufasha bukenewe hakiri kare.
Bityo, umwana w’imyaka 6 utangiye imihango ntabwo akeneye gusa pad; akeneye n’umubyeyi umuba hafi, amakuru amufasha gusobanukirwa, n’isuzuma ry’umuganga.