Ibi byigeze kugaragara ku buzima bwa Dr. Chris Knowles, ubu akaba ari umwarimu wa kaminuza mu buvuzi bwo kubaga muri Queen Mary University of London. Akiri umusore w’imyaka 18, abashakashatsi baje mu ishuri rye mu Bwongereza bakora ubushakashatsi ku banyeshuri bari batangiye kunywa inzoga bwa mbere, bashaka kureba abazazikunda cyane n’abazazigiramo ibibazo mu gihe kiri imbere.
Bashyize imbere ya buri munyeshuri ibirahuri bibiri bya vodka. Knowles yanyweye ibye vuba, maze afata n’iby’umukobwa wari umwicaye iruhande, utarazikundaga cyane. Nyuma y’imyaka, Knowles yaje kwisanga ari mu bantu basaba kwivuza indwara yo gukoresha inzoga mu buryo bukabije.
Nubwo ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nta rugero na ruto rw’inzoga rufitiye umutima n’ubwonko akamaro, kunywa inzoga mu buryo bukabije biracyari rusange. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, nibura 17% by’abantu bakuru bemera ko bajya bagira igihe cyo kunywa inzoga nyinshi icyarimwe.
Dr. Knowles asobanura urugendo rwe rwo kunywa inzoga nk’imyaka 10 yo kwishimisha, ikurikirwa n’indi 10 yo kwishimisha ariko zitangiye kuzana ingaruka, hanyuma indi 10 yuzuyemo ingaruka mbi gusa. Ibi ni byo byatumye yandika igitabo yise “Why We Drink Too Much”, gisesengura impamvu abantu banywa inzoga n’uko zigira ingaruka ku mubiri no ku muco wa sosiyete.
Mu magambo make, impamvu abantu banywa inzoga ni uko zibaha ibyishimo, bakumva hari ibyiza zibazanira, cyangwa se bakibwira ko hari ibyiza byigeze kubabaho bazinyweye. Ariko igisubizo kirambuye kigaragaza impamvu hari abagerwaho n’ingaruka zikomeye kurusha abandi.
Ubwonko bushobora “kumenyera” inzoga
Si buri wese unywa inzoga nyinshi ugira ikibazo. Hari abanywa cyane ariko ntibagire ibibazo bigaragara, naho abandi bakanywa bike ariko inzoga zikabagora kuzireka. Ibi biterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zirimo aho umuntu akomoka, uko yarerewe, imiterere y’ubwonko bwe n’imitekerereze ye nk'uko bikubiye mu nkuru ducyesha CNN.
Inzoga zifungura ibice by’ubwonko bitanga ibyishimo, nk’uko bigenda ku biribwa, urukundo n’imibanire myiza. Ariko uko umuntu akomeza kunywa, inzoga zitangira no gukangura imisemburo itera agahinda n’umuhangayiko. Ibi bituma umuntu yumva atameze neza igihe atanywa, bigatuma yongera kunywa ashaka kugarura ibyiyumvo byiza, nyamara uko anywa niko ikibazo kirushaho kwiyongera.
Hari abantu ubwonko bwabo bwiteguye cyane gushaka ibyishimo no kudaha agaciro ingaruka. Bene abo baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo gukomeza kunywa inzoga no kugera ku rwego rwo kudashobora kuzireka.
Kunywa inzoga nk’ubuhungiro bw’ibibazo
Uretse ibijyanye n’imiterere y’ubwonko, hari n’impamvu zishingiye ku mitekerereze. Abantu bafite indwara zo mu mutwe nka ADHD, ihungabana rikabije, kwiheba cyangwa ihungabana rishingiye ku byabaye mu buzima (PTSD) baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwishora mu kubatwa n'inzoga.
Hari n’abanywa inzoga atari ukugira ngo bishime gusa, ahubwo bagamije kugabanya umunaniro, agahinda, ubwoba cyangwa kwiyibagiza ibikomere by’ahashize. Iyo inzoga zitangiye kugaragara nk’igisubizo cy’ibibazo, kuzireka biragorana cyane, nubwo umuntu atangira kubona ko zitamufasha nk’uko yabitekerezaga.
Ikibazo kirushaho gukomera bitewe n’uko umubiri ugenda wiyubakira kwihanganira inzoga (tolerance). Icyari icyo gutanga ibyishimo ku kirahuri kimwe, kigatangira gusaba bibiri, bitatu cyangwa birenze, bigatuma umuntu akomeza kongera urugero.
Kunywa inzoga ni urugendo ruri ku murongo mugari
Si abantu babiri gusa babaho: abafite ikibazo n’abatagifite. Ahubwo hari umurongo mugari. Hari abatanywa na gato, abanywa rimwe na rimwe batabikunda cyane, abanywa mu buryo bumva buboroheye, ndetse hakaba n’abageze ku rwego rw’indwara yo gukoresha inzoga mu buryo bukabije, ishobora kuba yoroheje, iringaniye cyangwa ikomeye.
Hagati aho hari abo bita “abanywa mu gice cy’icyatsi cyijimye” (gray area drinkers). Aba ntibaragira ibibazo bikomeye ku kazi cyangwa mu muryango, ariko bumva badakora neza nk’uko babyifuza, badahari bihagije mu muryango wabo, cyangwa badakemura ibibazo byabo neza.
Kugabanya cyangwa kureka inzoga
Kugabanya inzoga cyangwa kuzireka burundu bigira akamaro ku buzima ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose. Abahanga bagira inama yo gutangira n’igihe cyo kwifata (abstinence), nk’ukwezi ko kutanywa inzoga, kugira ngo umuntu asuzume uruhare inzoga zifite mu buzima bwe.
Ni ingenzi kwiga ku ngaruka nziza n’ingaruka mbi z’inzoga, gushaka imibanire n’ibikorwa bidashingiye ku nzoga, no gukemura ibibazo byo mu mutwe inzoga zashoboraga kuba zarahishaga.
Kuri bamwe, gusoma ibitabo bivuga ku kunywa no kureka inzoga, kugabanya umunaniro no gushaka ubundi buryo bwo gusabana birabafasha. Ubu kandi hari umuco ugenda wiyongera w’ibinyobwa bidafite inzoga (mocktails), cyane cyane mu rubyiruko.
Ku bantu bafite indwara ikomeye yo gukoresha inzoga, amatsinda y’ubufasha nka Alcoholics Anonymous, ibigo by’ubuvuzi n’ubujyanama bwihariye ni ingenzi cyane.
Icy’ingenzi kurusha kugabanya inzoga gusa, ni uguhindura uko ubwonko bwakira ibyishimo no kwiga guhangana n’umuhangayiko mu buryo butabangiriza ubuzima. Kuko, nk’uko abamaze igihe kirekire bararetse inzoga babivuga, kuguma uri maso no kwifata ni urugendo rwa buri munsi, rugasaba kwiyemeza ubuzima bwose.