Mu myaka ibiri ishize, ari yo 2024 na 2025, umubare w’abashyingiranwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko mu Rwanda wakomeje kugabanuka, ibintu byatangiye gukurura impaka ku mpamvu zaba zibitera n’ingaruka bishobora kugira ku muryango nyarwanda.
Imibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR) igaragaza ko kuva mu 2019 umubare w’abashyingiranwa utigeze ugabanuka mu myaka ibiri yikurikiranya kugeza ubu.
Mu 2019 handitswe ubukwe 48,526, ariko mu 2020 bugabanuka bugera kuri 30,859 bitewe n’ingamba zo gukumira icyorezo cya COVID-19 zagabanyije ibikorwa by’imihango n’iteraniro ry’abantu.
Nyuma y’icyo gihe, imibare yongeye kuzamuka igera kuri 33,809 mu 2021, 35,529 mu 2022, ndetse igera kuri 57,880 mu 2023, ari na wo mwaka wanditswemo ubukwe bwinshi kurusha indi muri iyo myaka.
Icyakora, nyuma y’iri zamuka, umubare w’abashyingiranwa watangiye kongera kugabanuka, ugera kuri 52,878 mu 2024 ndetse ugera kuri 50,256 mu 2025. Ibi bituma imyaka ya 2024 na 2025 iba iya mbere, kuva NISR yatangira gutangaza iyi mibare mu buryo buhoraho, igaragaza igabanuka ry’ubukwe mu myaka ibiri yikurikiranya.
Mu gihe imibare y’abakora ubukwe bwemewe n’amategeko igenda igabanuka, impungenge ntizishingiye gusa ku bitera iri gabanuka. Nubwo hakomeje kuvugwa impamvu zitandukanye zirimo ibibazo by’ubukungu, abantu bagenda bashaka batinze ndetse n’ihinduka ry’imyumvire ku rushako, hari ikindi kibazo gikomeje kwibazwaho:
Ese abantu batagikora ubukwe bwemewe n’amategeko baba bayoboka inzira yo kubana batarasezeranye?
Nubwo imibare y’ubukwe bwemewe n’amategeko igaragaza igabanuka rikomeje kugaragara mu myaka ibiri ishize, ibi ntibihita bisobanura ko Abanyarwanda batabana nk’abagore n’abagabo mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko.
Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Amazu rya 2022 ryakozwe na NISR ryagaragaje ko 16.9% by’abaturage bafite imyaka 12 kuzamura babanaga nk’umugabo n’umugore ariko batarasezeranye imbere y’amategeko. Iyi mibare yerekana ko hari umubare utari muto w’abubaka ingo batanyuze mu nzira zemewe n’amategeko.
Kugeza ubu nta mibare mishya iratangazwa igaragaza uko iki cyiciro gihagaze nyuma ya 2022, ariko kuba ubukwe bwemewe n’amategeko bugenda bugabanuka byongera kuzamura ikibazo cy’uko bamwe muri aba bantu bashobora kuba bayoboka inzira yo kwibanira batarasezeranye.
Umunyamategeko Jean Damascene Munderere, mu bushakashatsi bwe ku mategeko agenga umuryango mu Rwanda, agaragaza ko kubana kw’abantu batarasezeranye bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye by’amategeko, cyane cyane ku burenganzira bw’abagore n’abana igihe habayeho gutandukana.
Agaragaza ko ibibazo bikunze kugaragara cyane birebana n’izungura, uburenganzira ku mutungo ndetse n’inshingano zo kurera abana, kuko abantu badasezeranye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko akenshi batagira amahirwe angana n’ay’abashyingiranywe byemewe n’amategeko.
Abaturage babivugaho iki?
Bamwe mu baturage babana batarasezeranye baganiriye na InyaRwanda bavuga ko kuri ubu batabona impamvu yihutirwa yo gusezerana imbere y’amategeko.
Ndayisaba Eric na Uwase Aline, bamaze umwaka umwe n’amezi umunani babana nk’umugore n’umugabo batarasezeranye, bavuga ko kuri ubu batabona impamvu yihutirwa yo gusezerana kuko basanzwe babanye neza.
Bagize bati: “Tumaze igihe gito tubana ariko ibintu biragenda neza. Tubona ikintu cy’ingenzi ari ukumvikana no kubahana. Gusezerana tuzabikora igihe tuzabona bibaye ngombwa.”
Icyakora, hari n’abavuga ko kubana batarasezeranye bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye mu gihe habayeho kutumvikana cyangwa gutandukana.
Ishimwe Noella avuga ko kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bahura na byo ari ikibazo cyo kugabana umutungo baba baravunikiye hamwe mu gihe batagicana uwaka.
Yagize ati: “Iyo mwabanye mutarasezeranye, iyo mudafite ibyo mwumvikanaho mugatandukana usanga kugabana ibyo mwavunikiye bigorana. Hari n’igihe umwe asanga yarakoze byinshi kurusha undi ariko ntashobore kubona uburenganzira ku byo yakoreye.”
Undi muturage na we watanze ubuhamya yavuze ko yigeze kubana n’umugabo batarasezeranye, ariko nyuma baza gutandukana, ibintu byamugoye cyane mu kurera abana.
Yagize ati: “Twabanye tutarasezeranye, nyuma turatandukana. Kuba tutari twarashyize ibintu mu mategeko byatumye ndwana n’ubuzima njyenyine. N’ubu ni njye ukirera abana njyenyine.”
Gusezerana mu mategeko bishobora kugira uruhe ruhare?
Ubuhamya bwa bamwe mu baturage bugaragaza ko gusezerana mu mategeko bishobora kuba ishingiro ry’amahoro n’ituze mu muryango, kuko bituma habaho umurongo usobanutse wo gukemura ibibazo igihe habayeho kutumvikana hagati y’abashakanye.
Abashakashatsi na bo bagaragaza ko gushyingirwa binyuze mu mategeko bitanga ubwirinzi bwa buri wese kandi bikubaka inshingano zisangiwe hagati y’abashakanye. Ibi bishobora guteza imbere ubumwe n’ubufatanye, bikagira uruhare mu iterambere ry’umuryango nyarwanda.
Nubwo kugeza ubu nta mibare ihagije irerekana niba abantu badakora ubukwe bwemewe n’amategeko bakomeza kubana igihe kirekire, ubushakashatsi n’ubuhamya bitandukanye byerekana ko bamwe muri bo bahura n’ibibazo bikomeye iyo umubano wabo usenyutse. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho y’abagize umuryango no ku iterambere rusange ry’igihugu.
Nubwo bamwe mu baturage bavuga ko kubana batarasezeranye bishobora kubateza ibibazo mu gihe habayeho gutandukana, imibare igaragaza ko no mu bashyingiranywe byemewe n’amategeko hari abatandukana.
Raporo ya NISR igaragaza ko mu mwaka wa 2025 handitswe gatanya 4,479, muri zo 2,629 zikaba zaramaze kwemezwa n’inkiko ko abo bantu batandukana. Icyakora, impuguke nyinshi zigaragaza ko gusezerana mu mategeko ari uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kurinda uburenganzira bw’abashakanye n’abana.
Mu gihe umubare w’ubukwe bwemewe n’amategeko wagabanutseho 7,624 hagati ya 2023 na 2025, haracyabura imibare isobanura neza aho iri gabanuka ryerekeza. Icyakora, impuguke zigaragaza ko ikibazo cy’ingo zubakwa zitanyuze mu nzira zemewe n’amategeko gikwiye gukurikiranwa, kuko gishobora kugira ingaruka ku burenganzira bw’abashakanye, abana ndetse no ku miterere y’umuryango nyarwanda.