Ku itariki ya 1 Kanama 2025, BNR yatangije igikorwa bise “Retail CBDC Ideathon”, kigamije gukusanya ibitekerezo by’abaturage, abafite udushya, ba rwiyemezamirimo n’ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga (fintechs) ku ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga ry'ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda. Ibi bikorwa birimo gukorwa ku bufatanye n’ikigo cy’Abadage Giesecke+Devrient (G+D), cyihariye mu ikoranabuhanga ry’umutekano w’amafaranga na serivisi za digitale.
Iyi gahunda iri mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’iterambere ry’ifaranga rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, kizwi nka “proof-of-concept (PoC)”, muri bitanu byasobanuwe n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF): itegura, igerageza, icyitegererezo, igerageza ry’amasoko, no gushyirwa mu bikorwa.
CBDC ni ifaranga rya digitale ritangwa kandi rigashyirwaho n’igihugu binyuze muri banki nkuru, rikagira agaciro karinganiye n’ak’ifaranga risanzwe rifatika. Ryaba rigenewe abaturage (retail CBDC) rigakora nka mobile money cyangwa amafaranga yo mu ntoki, cyangwa rikaba rigenewe ibigo by’imari mu guhererekanya amafaranga hagati yabyo (wholesale CBDC). CBDC ishobora gushingira kuri konti isaba kumenyekana k’uyikoresha, cyangwa ikaba imeze nk’ifaranga risanzwe, rikoreshwa n’urifite nta yindi nzira biciyemo.
BNR irimo kugerageza ikoreshwa rya CBDC mu buryo bw’imbere mu gihugu (closed-loop testing) ku bantu bake barimo amabanki n’abacuruzi. Ibirimo kugeragezwa birimo uburyo bwo kwishyura hatifashishijwe murandasi (offline payments), uko yakwifashishwa na telefone zidafite internet hifashishijwe USSD, imikoreshereze n’umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga, n’inyigo ku mategeko n’uburyo bujyanye n’amategeko y’igihugu.
Icyiciro cy’igerageza kizamara amezi atanu, kikazasozwa mu Ukwakira 2025. BNR ivuga ko gushyira mu bikorwa CBDC bitarafatwa nk’umwanzuro, ahubwo hazabanza gusuzumwa ibisubizo byavuye mu igerageza mbere yo gufata icyemezo ku cyiciro gikurikiyeho.
Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2023, BNR yagaragaje amahirwe atandukanye CBDC yazana, ariko ikibandwaho cyane ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo gufasha mu kwihanganira ibibazo bya sisitemu zifashishwa mu kwishyura, guteza imbere udushya no kongera amarushanwa, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amafaranga yo mu ntoki, no koroshya ikoreshwa ry’inkunga zo hanze.
Nubwo amashanyarazi mu Rwanda yateye imbere, inzego zimwe cyane cyane mu byaro ziracyahura n’ibura ryawo, bigahungabanya uburyo bwo kwishyura hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga. CBDC ishobora gukomeza gukora no mu gihe nta muriro cyangwa internet ihari, bigafasha abaturage kwishyurana mu buryo bwa 'peer-to-peer' bidasabye umuhuza cyangwa serivisi z’itumanaho.
Mu gihe mobile money ya MTN na Airtel bifite hafi 70% by’isoko kuva mu 2022, bituma ibiciro bijya hejuru kandi ntihagire amarushanwa menshi abaho. CBDC izaba uburyo bushya bwo kwishyura buhendutse kandi bworoshye, bwinjiza abandi bahanga bashya ku isoko n’udushya dushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga.
Nubwo mobile money yakomeje kwaguka, ikoreshwa ry’amafaranga yo mu ntoki riracyari rinini. Hagati ya 2019 na 2022, amafaranga ari mu maboko y’abantu yazamutseho 50% agera kuri miliyari 305 Frw. Ikiguzi cyo gukora no gutunganya inoti cyageze kuri miliyoni $30 hagati ya 2018 na 2022, kandi giteganyijwe kugera kuri miliyoni $35M hagati ya 2023 na 2027. CBDC ishobora kugabanya ibi biciro, ndetse ikanagabanya ishoramari rihambaye rikoreshwa mu gukora, gutwara no kubika amafaranga mu ntoki.
Ikigega Mpuzamahanga GkP-MD cyagaragaje ko Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara ikiri mu zigifite ikiguzi cyo kohererezanya amafaranga kiri hejuru cyane. Nko kohereza $200 avuye muri Tanzania ajya muri Uganda utakaza 29.7%, naho uvuye muri Tanzania ujya mu Rwanda biri mu nzira zihenze cyane. CBDC izafasha kugabanya ibi biciro, ikemure ibibazo byo guhindura ifaranga, inoroshye uburyo bwo guhuza sisitemu zo kwishyurana mu karere nka EAC Monetary Union.
BNR isobanura ko CBDC itagamije gusimbura amafaranga cyangwa amakarita y’imari, ahubwo izuzuzanya n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kwishyura nk’amafaranga yo mu ntoki, mobile money, amakarita ya banki n’ibindi. CBDC izatanga uburyo bushya, bworoshye, butekanye kandi bufunguye kuri bose bwo kwishyura.