I. IGIHE CY’IREMWA
Igihe cy’iremwa ry’umuntu: ni ukuva agisamwa mu nda ya mama we kugeza avutse, mu nda y’umugore ni ho iremwa ry’umuntu rikorerwa; bitangira ari igi nyuma yo guhura kw’intanga ngabo n’intanga ngore, maze muri rya gi hakazavamo umuntu umwe cyangwa benshi, iyo iryo gi rivuyemo abantu barenze umwe, abo bantu nibo bitwa impanga, akenshi abo bantu baba basa kandi baba bahuje igitsina: (gabo/ gore: bitewe n’ubwoko bw’intangangabo yabanguriye intanga ngore), izo mpanga zihuje nizo mu gifaransa bita "Jumeaux monozygotes’’ cyangwa "Vrais jumeaux’’.
Hari n’igihe umugore arekura intanga 2 zitandukanye bityo zikabangurirwa n’intanga ngabo 2, ubwo bigakora amagi 2 atandukanye; icyo gihe abana nabo bavuka ari impanga, ariko akenshi bo baba badasa ugereranyije n’impanga zihuje twavuze haruguru, kandi bo bashobora no kuba ari ibitsina bitandukanye bitewe n’intanga ngabo yabanguriye buri ntanga ngore. Izo mpanga zidahuje nizo mu rurimi rw’igifaransa bita "Jumeaux dizygotes’’ cyangwa "Faux jumeaux’’, gusa ibi bibaho gacye cyane.
Iyo ibice by’umubiri bigize umuntu byose bimaze guteranywa neza mu nda y’umugore, umuntu aravuka ubwo hagakurikiraho ibindi byiciro by’ubuzima ageze ku isi. Mu gihe cy’iremwa, umuntu nyir'ubwite ntashobora kumenya uko yabayeho muri icyo gihe cyose yari mu nda ya nyina; keretse Imana yonyine niyo ibimenya, cyakora abantu nabo bamenyaho agace gato bagendeye ku bumenyi, ubuhanga n’ubushakashatsi cyangwa se ibyagaragariye amaso yabo. Muri rusange igihe cy’iremwa kingana n’amezi 9, ariko gishobora kurenga cyangwa kikagabanyuka bitewe n’impamvu zidasanzwe.
II. IGIHE CYO GUKURA
Iki cyiciro kigabanyijemo ibyiciro 2: Icyiciro cy’ubwana (Periode d’enfance) n’icyiciro cy’ubugimbi/ ubwangavu (Adolescence).
A. ICYICIRO CY’UBWANA
Muri rusange icyiciro cy’ubwana: ni ukuva umuntu akivuka kugeza ku myaka 10; kuva akivuka kugeza ku kwezi 1 ni icyiciro mu rurimi rw’igifaransa bita "Nouveau-né": icyo ni cya gihe umuntu aba ataratangira kumva cyangwa kubona, mbese icyo gihe gifatwa nk’igihe cy’inzibacyuho y’umuntu hagati y’ubuzima bwo mu nda ya nyina n’ubuzima bwo mu isi (période de transition entre le milieu utérin et le monde extérieur); kuva ku kwezi 1 kugera ku myaka 2 ni icyiciro cyitwa "Nourrisson", aha umwana atangira gukura ku buryo bwihuta cyane: agatangira kubona, kumva, kwitamika, gukambakamba, ndetse no kugenda.
Kuva ku myaka 2 kugeza kumyaka 6 ni icyiciro cyitwa "Petiteenfance’’. Muri iki gihe umwana akura cyane mu buryo bw’ibitekerezo (psychologique) no mu mbaraga ugereranyije n’uburyo bw’umubiri (physique). Naho kuva ku myaka 6 kugeza ku myaka 12 ni icyiciro cyitwa "Enfance’’muri iki cyiciro umuvuduko wo gukura utangira kugabanyuka ariko uburyo bwo gukura bukagendera hamwe: ari mu buryo bw’ibitekerezo (Psychologique) ndetse n’uburyo bw’umubiri (Physique). Imyaka y’iki cyiciro niyo bita imyaka y’ishuri, umwana aba ageze igihe cyiza ajya mu ishuri agafata ku buryo bworoshye.
B. ICYICIRO CY’UBUGIMBI/ UBWANGAVU
Ubugimbi cyangwa ubwangavu, ni igihe cyo gukura mu buryo bw’imyanya myibarukire y’umuntu, bitabujije ko umuntu akomeza no gukura mu buryo busanzwe bw’ibitekerezo ndetse n’uburyo bw’umubiri (Psychologique et Physique); muri icyo gihe ni bwo imisemburo y’imyanya myibarukire itangira gukora maze umuntu agatangira kugaragaza ibimenyetso bitandukanye by’umuntu mukuru ushobora kubyara (gutera inda cyangwa gutwita).
Muri rusange igihe cy’ubugimbi cyangwa ubwangavu kiba hagati y’imyaka 12 na 18. Ubugimbi nabwo burimo ibyiciro 3: Ubugimbi bwa vuba (early adolescence): hagati y’imyaka 10 na 14; ubugimbi bwo hagati (middle adolescence): hagati y’imyaka 15 na 17; n’ubugimbi butinda (late adolescence): hagati y’imyaka 18-21.
Icyitonderwa: Ku buryo bw’umwihariko: Ku bahungu muri rusange ubugimbi bukunda kuba hagati y’imyaka 12 na 18; naho ku bakobwa ni hagati y’imyaka 9 na 16.
B.1. IBIMENYETSO BY’UBUGIMBI N’UBWANGAVU
Iyo umuhungu yinjiye mu gihe cy’ubugimbi: umubiri we utangira gukora imisemburo yabugenewe ukayikwirakwiza mu mubiri ahabugenewe, maze imyanya myibarukire ye igatangira gukora ku buryo ashobora kubyara (gutera inda), ibyo biza biherekejwe n’ibimenyetso bigaragara inyuma (physiques) bikurikira:
Kuzana ibiheri mu maso, guhindura ijwi rigahinda nk’iry’abagabo, kumera ubwoya ku mubiri cyane cyane ku maguru, kumera insya, kumera ubwanwa (akenshi mu myaka nka 18), igitsina cye n’amabya birakura, kwiroteraho, gutekereza no kwifuza cyane imibonano mpuzabitsina benshi bikabaviramo no kwikinisha, amaboko arakura akaba maremare, inyama z’umubiri we zirakura (musculature), atangira kumva ashaka kwigenga no kwibeshaho guhumeka cyane umubiri wose (Transpiration plus abondante sur tout le corps), kurwara acné (indwara yo kuzana ibintu bimeze nk’amavuta bivanze n’ibyuya mu mubiri ahatereye ubwoya (85% by’abasore n’abakobwa bageze muri icyo gihe barwara iyi ndwara).
Naho ku mukobwa wageze igihe cy’ubwangavu: nawe kimwe n’umuhungu umubiri we utangira gukora imisemburo yabugenewe ukayikwirakwiza mu mubiri ahabugenewe, maze imyanya myibarukire ye igatangira gukora, umubiri we ugatangira kurekura intanga ku buryo ashobora gutwita ndetse no kubyara mu gihe haba habayeho imibonano mpuzabitsina n’umugabo cyangwa ubundi buryo bwose intanga ye yahura n’intanga y’umugabo: Ibyo kandi biza biherekejwe n’ibimenyetso bigaragara inyuma bikurikira:
Kujya mu mihango, amabere arakura, kubyibuha mu matako kubera ko umubiri uba uteganya ko ashobora kubyara, kumera ubwoya ku maguru no munsi y’amabere, kumera insya, igitsina cye gisa n’ikimuka kiva imbere kijya hagati y’amaguru, atangira gutekereza no kwifuza cyane gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, ijwi rye rirahinduka akagira ijwi risa n’iriyunguye ku buryo rikurura cyane abahungu, kurwara acné, atangira kumva ashaka kwigenga no kwibeshaho, guhumeka cyane umubiri wose.
Icyitonderwa: Uretse ibimenyetso bigaragara ku mubiri (caractères physiques), hariho n’ibindi bimenyetso byinshi biba ku muhungu cyangwa umukobwa ugeze mu gihe cy’ubugimbi cyangwa ubwangavu, mu buryo bw’ibitekerezo (caractères psychologiques), ndetse n’uburyo yitwara mu bantu (caractères sociales).
III. ICYICIRO CY’ABAKUZE
Icyiciro cy'abakuze gitangira kuva umuntu avuye mu bugimbi cyangwa ubwangavu, ni ukuvuga guhera kumyaka 18 (tugereranyije igihe icyiciro cy’ubugimbi n’ubwangavu kirangirira), kikarangirira aho icyiciro cy’ubusaza gitangirira, gusa ubushakashatsi ntiburamenya neza mu by’ukuri imyaka icyiciro cy’ubusaza gitangiriho, ari naho icyiciro cy’abakuze kirangirira. Iki niccyo cyiciro cyiza umuntu akwiye kubyara agakora umuryango. Abagore bahagarika kubyara hagati y’imyaka 45 na 55, mugihe abagabo bo bafite ubushobozi bwo kubyara igihe cy’ubuzima bwabo bwose.
IV. ICYICIRO CY’UBUSAZA
Icyiciro cy’ubusaza gitangira kuva aho ingingo z’umuntu zitangira gusaza, gusa nk’uko twabivuze haruguru, ubushakashatsi ntiburagaragaza imyaka nyayo icyo cyiciro gitangiriraho, ariko muri rusange abagereranya bavuga ko ku myaka 70 ibimenyetso by’ubusaza biba byamaze kugaragara neza ku buryo budashidikanywaho. Ariko kandi abantu bose ku isi ntabwo bagira uburame bungana (Esperance de vie), buri gihugu cyangwa akarere bigira uburame bwabo bitewe n’ubuzima babamo. Birashoboka rero ko iki kigereranyo cy’imyaka 70 cyakorewe ku bantu bafite uburame buri hejuru, kuko hari ibice by’isi abantu bagaragaza ibimenyetso by’ubusaza bakiri hasi y’imyaka mirongo irindwi.
Src: laphilosophie.com