Mu gihe Afurika ikomeje guhangana n’ibibazo by’ibura ry’amashanyarazi mu bice byinshi, hari ibihugu bike bikomeje kuyobora uyu mugabane mu gutunganya ingufu z’amashanyarazi nyinshi bitewe n’ubukungu bwabyo, ibikorwa remezo bikomeye ndetse n’umusaruro ukomoka ku mutungo kamere bifite.
Raporo yashingiye ku mibare y’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ingufu, igaragaza ibihugu bitanu bya mbere bikomeje kuyobora Afurika mu gutunganya amashanyarazi menshi.
1. Africa y'Epfo
Afurika y’Epfo ni cyo gihugu cya mbere muri Afurika gitunganya amashanyarazi menshi kurusha ibindi byose. Iki gihugu gifite ubukungu n’inganda bikomeye kurusha ahandi ku mugabane, gitunganya amashanyarazi agera kuri 229,303 GWh.
Nubwo ari cyo cya mbere, iki gihugu gikomeje guhura n’ikibazo cyo kubura amashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe, aho abaturage n’inganda bahura n’ikorwa rya gahunda yo kuyagabanya (load shedding) kubera ubusabe buri hejuru.
Abahanga bavuga ko Afurika y’Epfo ikeneye nibura megawatt 15,000 z’inyongera kugira ngo ishobore guhaza ibikenerwa byose.
Amashanyarazi menshi muri iki gihugu akomoka ku makara, atanga hejuru ya 70% by’ingufu zose. Icyakora, kuva mu mpera za 2025, igihugu cyatangiye kongera imbaraga mu gukoresha izuba n’umuyaga mu gutunganya amashanyarazi.
2. Misiri
Misiri iza ku mwanya wa kabiri muri Afurika mu gutunganya amashanyarazi. Mu myaka yashize iki gihugu cyahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ibura ry’amashanyarazi, ariko kuva mu 2016 cyabashije kugira umusaruro urenze ibyo abaturage bacyo bakeneye.
Kuri ubu Misiri itunganya amashanyarazi arenga 200,000 GWh, ibintu byatumye itangira no kohereza amashanyarazi mu bindi bihugu. Leta ya Misiri yashoye amafaranga arenga miliyari 130 z’amapawundi ya Misiri mu kongera ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu.
Hejuru ya 75% by’amashanyarazi ya Misiri aturuka kuri 'gaz naturel', ariko igihugu kiri no gushora imari mu mishinga y’izuba n’umuyaga cyane cyane ku nyanja itukura (Red Sea).
3. Algeria
Algeria ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubushobozi bukomeye mu gutunganya amashanyarazi muri Afurika. Itunganya amashanyarazi arenga 85,500 GWh.
Iki gihugu gifite ubutaka bunini kurusha ibindi muri Afurika, kandi gikoresha umutungo kamere gifite cyane cyane gaz naturel, itanga hejuru ya 95% by’amashanyarazi yacyo.
Nubwo Algeria ishobora guhaza ibikenewe imbere mu gihugu, abahanga bavuga ko ikeneye kongera gushora imari mu miyoboro minini y’amashanyarazi kugira ngo ihuze n’iterambere ry’inganda.
4. Morocco
Maroc ni ikindi gihugu cyo muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru gikomeje kwitwara neza mu gutunganya amashanyarazi, aho gitanga arenga 41,000 GWh.
Nubwo gifite umusaruro munini, Maroc iracyatumiza amashanyarazi muri Espagne mu gihe ubusabe bwiyongera cyane.
Iki gihugu gifite intego yo kuzajya kibona hejuru ya 50% by’amashanyarazi yacyo mu ngufu zisubira nka; Izuba, Umuyaga ndetse na Gaz Naturel. Maroc ni kimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika bikomeje gushora imari cyane mu ngufu zisubira.
5. Nigeria
Nigeria, igihugu gifite abaturage benshi kurusha ibindi muri Afurika, kiri mu bihugu bitunganya amashanyarazi menshi ariko kikaba kigihanganye n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibura ryayo.
Iki gihugu gitunganya amashanyarazi arenga 40,000 GWh, ariko kubera ubwinshi bw’abaturage n’inganda, uwo musaruro ukaba ukiri muto cyane ugereranyije n’ibikenewe. Amashanyarazi menshi muri Nigeria akomoka kuri Gaz Naturel ndetse n'ingomero z'amazi.
Kubera ibibazo by’umuriro muke, abaturage benshi bo muri Nigeria bakoresha moteri zikoresha essence cyangwa panneaux solaires zigenga.
Afurika y’Amajyaruguru ikomeje kuyobora
Raporo igaragaza ko Afurika y’Amajyaruguru ari yo iyoboye cyane mu gutunganya amashanyarazi ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Mu bihugu 10 bya mbere muri Afurika: Misiri, Algeria, Maroc, Libya, Tunisia, byose biri muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru.
Libya yonyine yatanze amashanyarazi angana na 35,746 GWh, nubwo iki gihugu kimaze imyaka gihura n’ibibazo bya politiki n’umutekano.
Tunisia na yo iri mu bihugu 10 bya mbere, ibintu bishimangira uburyo Afurika y’Amajyaruguru yashoye imari ikomeye mu bikorwa remezo by’ingufu.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko impamvu aka karere kiyoboye ari: gushora imari mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi, gukoresha gaz naturel no kongera ingufu zisubira nka solar na wind energy
By’umwihariko Misiri na Maroc biri mu bihugu bya Afurika bikomeje gutanga icyizere gikomeye mu rwego rw’ingufu zisubira nk'uko bitangazwa na Business Insider Africa.