Ikinamico ya Romeo and Juliet yagiye yandikwamo ndetse igakinwamo filime n’amakinamico mu bihugu binyuranye ku isi, yanditswe n’uyu mugabo ufite amateka n’ibigwi bikomeye muri ubu buhanzi.
Ese William Shakespeare ni muntu ki?
William Shakespeare yari umwanditsi w’amakinamico n’umusizi w’umwongereza, itariki yavukiyeho nti izwi neza ariko yabatijwe tariki 26 Mata 1564 (benshi bakaba bemeza ko yaba yaravutse tariki 23 Mata) yitaba Imana tariki 23 Mata 1616. Mu isi y’ubuhanzi n’ubusizi, Shakespeare afatwa nka sekuruza w’abahanzi bose, haba mu rurimi rw’icyongereza no ku isi yose muri rusange. Shakespeare yanditse imikino myinshi n’imivugo myinshi byagiye bimenyekana ndetse bikifashishwa hirya no hino ku isi muri sinema. Aha twavuga nk’umukino wamamaye wa Romeo and Juliet wakozwemo filime nyinshi mu bihugu binyuranye ku isi.
Amakinamico yanditse aracyifashishwa hirya no hino ku isi nyuma y'imyaka igera kuri 398 atabarutse
William Shakespeare avuka kuri John Shakespeare akaba yari umuyobozi mu butegetsi bw’ubwami bw’icyo gihe, na Mary Alden wari umukobwa w’umutunzi wari ukomeye icyo gihe. Yavukiye ahitwa Stratford-upon-Avon akaba yarabatijwe akivuka. Itariki yavukiyeho nti izwi neza ariko benshi bafata tariki 23 Mata nk’itariki y’amavuko ye. Yari umwana wa 3 mu bana 8. Yabatijwe tariki 26 Mata 1564, abanditsi bakaba bemeza ko yaba yarabatijwe mu idini gatolika.
N’ubwo nta mashuri azwi yize, abanditsi benshi banditse ko yaba yarize mu ishuri rya King’s New School muri Stratford. Ku myaka 18, William yashyingiwe Anne Hathaway w’imyaka 26 y’amavuko. Nyuma y’amezi 6 bashyingiwe, bibarutse umwana w’umukobwa Susanna Shakespeare , nyuma y’imyaka 2 babyaye izindi mpanga, umuhungu Hammet n’umukobwa Judith, ariko Hammet yitabye Imana ku myaka 11 ku mpamvu itazwi.
William Shakespeare afatwa nka sekuru w'ubusizi bukoresha ururimi rw'icyongereza ndetse no ku isi yose muri rusange
Nyuma yo kwibaruka impanga, William yatangiye gukora ibikorwa byatumye yibukwa mu mateka y’ubuhanzi bw’ubwongereza. Yatangiye kwandika amakinamico.
Nti bizwi neza igihe yatangiriye kwandika, ariko amateka menshi agaragaza ko William yatangiye kumenyekana mu bwanditsi kuva mu 1592. Abanditsi b’amateka benshi bavuga ko ubwanditsi bwa William bwatangiye mu myaka y’1580, mbere gato y’uko uwari umwanditsi nawe wari ukomeye Greene atangira kumenyekana.
Kuva mu 1594, amwe mu makinamico yanditse yatangiye gukinwa mu bwongereza, ikaba yarakinwaga n’abari bagize Lord Chamberland’s Men ikaba iyo group yari igizwe n’abakinnyi b’amakinamico barimo na William. Nyuma y’urupfu rw’umwamikazi Elizabeth mu 1603, iyo group yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukora byemewe n’umwami James wa mbere ikaba yarahise ihindura izina ikitwa King’s Men.
Mu 1599, ubufatanye bw’abari bagize iyo group bwatumye bubaka inzu yabo yo gukiniramo amakinamico hafi y’umugezi wa Thames bakaba barayise Globe. Mu 1608, baguze indi nzu yo gukiniramo ya Blackfriars indoor theatre, amafaranga yavaga muri iyo nzu yatumye William aba umuherwe icyo gihe. Dusubiye inyuma gato, mu 1597, yaguze inzu nini cyane y’akataraboneka ikaba yari iya 2 mu bunini muri Stratford yose.
Shakespeare yamenyekanye mu makinamico menshi, ndetse bikaba byaramworoheraga kuko amakinamico yandikaga group ye yahitaga iyakina bityo bikamufasha kumenyekana cyane. Mu makinamico yanditse, harimo nka Romeo and Juliet ikaba ivuga umuhungu n’umukobwa baturuka mu miryango ibiri ihora ihanganye, bakaba baraje gukundana urukundo rwavuyemo ibyago bikomeye. Iyi kinamico yayanditse mu myaka y’1600 ariko kugeza n’ubu ikaba igikoreshwa hirya no hino ku isi. Muri rusange yanditse amakinamico agera kuri 39 yamenyekanye, akaba yaranditse imivugo igera kuri 6 harimo nka Shakespeare’s sonnet nawo wamamaye cyane.
Iki ni igifuniko cy'igitabo gikubiyemo amakinamico anyuranye ya Shakespeare cyagiye hanze mu mwaka w'1923 nyuma y'imyaka 7 atabarutse
Shakespeare yitabye Imana tariki 23 Mata 1616, ikaba ari tariki imwe nk’ifatwa nk’iyo yavutseho, akaba yarasize umugore we Susanna n’abana 2 b’abakobwa, ariko impamvu y’urupfu rwe ikaba itaranditswe. Yashyinguwe nyuma y’iminsi 2 yitabye Imana akaba yarashyinguwe muri kiliziya y’ubutatu butagatifu.
Ku mva ya Shakespeare handitseho amagambo agira ati, “Inshuti nziza, ku mpamvu z’ubushake bwa Yezu, nta wemerewe kuvana hano umukungugu urimo imbere. Hahabwe umugisha umuntu uha agaciro aya mabuye, ndetse havumwe umuntu uzakura aha aya magufa.” Bitewe n’aya magambo yanditse ku gituro cya Shakespeare, mu mwaka w’2008 ubwo hasanwaga iyi kiliziya, imva ye yarabererekewe hakaba nta muntu wigeze ayikoraho.
Ikinamico ye Romeo and Juliet yagiye ikorwamo filime nyinshi cyane hirya no hino ku isi. Uru ni urugero rwa filime yo mu 1996 yamamaye cyane ku isi ikinwamo na Leonardo DiCaprio aho aba ari Romeo na Claire Daines ari Juliet, ndetse no mu Rwanda ikaba yarasubiwemo bisanishwa na Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 n'amakimbirane hagati y'amoko.
REBA INCAMAKE ZA FILIME ROMEO AND JULIET (1996):
Shakespeare, afatwa ndetse anibukwa nka sekuru w’abahanzi bose ku isi cyane cyane mu bwanditsi no gukina amakinamico, akaba agenda ahabwa icyubahiro mu bihugu binyuranye ku isi bitewe n’agaciro gahabwa ubuhinzi bw’amakinamico muri ibyo bihugu.
Mutiganda Janvier